angiosperms Flashcards
what did angiosperms evolve as?
flowers
gymnosperms were the dominant type of plant during what time period? angiosperms were the dominant type of plant during what period?
gymnosperms: mesozoic, dinosaur age
angiosperms: tertiary period
when did angiosperms start to become the abundant plant species?
the end of the crustaceous period
there is a large ___________ of angiosperms
radiation (diversification)
what are the characteristics of angiosperms? (3)
- one phylum
- make up the vast majority of seed plants
- some of the smallest and largest plants
what are angiosperms reproductive structures?
flowers and fruits
what are the two classifications of flowers?
monoecious and dioecious
what are monoecious plants?
male and female flowers are on the same plant
what are dioecious plants?
male and female flowers are on different plants
flowers are modified ____________ that are still apart of the ______________?
sporophylls; sporophyte
the male organ of a flower is called the?
stamen
what are the two parts of the stamen?
anther and filament
where are spores and pollen produced?
the anther
what process occurs in the male organ of the pollen grain?
microsporangium makes microspores which mature into male gametophyte which produce sperm
the female organ of a flower is called the?
carpel
what is the function of the carpel?
protect and nourish the female gametophyte
what are the three parts of the carpel?
stigma, style and ovary
which part of the carpel acts as the pollen tube?
style
what process occurs in the female organ?
megasporangium makes megaspores which mature into the female gametophyte which the becomes the egg
is the gametophyte dependent on the sporophyte?
yes!
what does the female gametophyte develop within?
an ovule
what does the pollen grain on the stigma do?
germinate
what occurs when the pollen tube discharges two sperm cells? where are the sperm cells discharged to?
double fertilization; into the female gametophyte within the ovule
how many sperm fertilize the egg?
one
what happens to the sperm that do not fertilize the gg?
initiates develop food-storing endosperm
the _______ endosperm nourishes the __________ ______________
triploid; developing embryo
what are the three adaptive advantages to angiosperm style fertilization
- food stored for the embryo (endosperm) develops only after fertilization
- female gametophyte reduced in size and is cheaper to make
- production of the small female gametophyte only take a few days to make
what is the fruit? what does it act as?
mature ovary containing the seeds that acts as a container for the angiosperm
what does fruit protect? what does it aid?
protects dormant seeds and aids dispersal
what do humans depend on angiosperms most for? what is another use?
food ! drugs/pharmaceutical products
how do angiosperms have pollination occur?
through animals and insects
