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Biol 143 > vascular plant transport > Flashcards

vascular plant transport Flashcards

1
Q

___ encourage water to move

A

forces

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2
Q

forces can include

A
  • Differences in solute concentration (tonicity)
  • Differences in physical pressure
  • Gravity
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3
Q

water potential

A

energy for moving water

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4
Q

bigger differences in water potential value =

A

more energy available to move water

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5
Q

water potential can have difference sources of energy differences such as

A

Tonicity, pressure, or gravity

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6
Q

water potential can have difference sources of different locations of energy differences such as

A
  • Soil, roots, stem, leaf, atmosphere
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7
Q

water moves from

A

higher energy to lower energy

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8
Q

water is required in… for…

A

leaves for photosynthesis

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9
Q

water is available in …

A

roots (absorbed form soil)

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10
Q

transpiration

A

water evaporation from leaves

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11
Q

transpiration involves water moving through plant from

A

soil to atmosphere

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12
Q

water energy:

A

soil > root > stem > leaf > atmosphere

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13
Q

water flow

A

soil –> root –> stem –> leaf –> atmosphere

Always moves DOWN gradient

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14
Q

water flows through

A

xylem: tubes that conduct water

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15
Q

roots have higher… than…

A

solute concentration than soil

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16
Q

there is lower water energy in roots than soil, so…

A

water wants to go into the roots (water flows down energy gradient into roots)

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17
Q

root pressure

A

water entering pushes previous water upward

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18
Q

atmosphere has low water content and energy… which does what?

A

atmosphere provides energy for transpiration where water exits leaves via evaporation

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19
Q

stem cohesion

A

water molecules attract each other

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20
Q

stem adhesion

A

water molecules are attracted to surfaces

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21
Q

water lost via… pulls…

A

water lost via transportation pulls water UP stem via cohesion

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22
Q

adhesion to…. helps…

A

adhesion to xylem walls helps hold water against gravity making an unbroken chain of water from leaf to root

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23
Q

when a stem is injured…

A

the chain of water may be broken

24
Q

embolism

A

air bubbles that form in xylem due to broken chain of water

25
Q

plants wilt because

A

because water is lost from the leaves but cannot be replaced with water from the roots

26
Q

why is it a problem if ice forms in plants?

A
  • Ice in xylem forms embolisms
  • Ice outside cells pulls water out of the cells
  • Ice crystals can form in the cell and puncture the cell membrane
27
Q

___ drives most water flow

A

transpiration

28
Q

roots contribute a little flow with

A

root pressure

29
Q

___ in roots provide energy

A

solutes

30
Q

leaf mesophyll cells use energy to ..

A

absorb water for photosynthesis

31
Q

most water must transpire to provide…

A

energy to pull more water up

32
Q

managing transcription: transpiration rate

A

level of transpiration isn’t constant

33
Q

managing transcription atmospheric conditions change

A

 Warmer atmosphere conditions provides more energy
 Drier atmosphere provides more energy

34
Q

leaves control transpiration rate via

A

stomata

35
Q

stomata is usually located on bottom of leaf

A
  • Avoid energy added by sunlight
  • Reduces transpiration rate
36
Q

guard cells can open or close stomata:

A
  • Cells fill with water to open
  • More k+ ions in cells pulls water in
37
Q

why does stomata open during day:

A
  • Water is needed for photosynthesis
  • CO2 needs to flow in through stomata
38
Q

why does stomata close at night?

A
  • No photosynthesis
  • Conserves water in the soil
39
Q

stomata opens if ___ is low in leaf

A

CO2 (needed for photosynthesis)

40
Q

stomata close if _____ is present

A

abscisic acid

41
Q

abscisic acid is released by…

A

roots and leaves that don’t have enough water

shuts down transpiration to conserve water

42
Q

epiphytes

A

waxy leaves that reduce transpiration

43
Q

floating water plants continually transpire :

A
  • stomata on top of leaves
  • stomata cannot be closed (they are permanently open)
44
Q

translocation

A

movement of sugar rich sap

45
Q

sugary sap flows through

A

phloem

46
Q

sugar flows from

A

sugar sources to sugar sinks

47
Q

sugar source

A

creates sugar via photosynthesis
* releases stored sugar via starch breakdown

48
Q

sugar sink

A

consumes sugar for energy or growth
* stores sugar

49
Q

sieve tube elects make up

A

phloem tubes

50
Q

sieve tube elements carry

A

phloem sap (up to 30% sugar)

51
Q

companion cells

A
  • assist sieve tube cells
  • actively transport sugar into sap
52
Q

phloem sap flow is driven by

A

PHYSICAL pressure

53
Q

sugar is loaded into phloem at

A

source

54
Q

water follows sugar via

A

osmosis

55
Q

water flow increases

A

physical pressure

56
Q

__ removes sugar

A

sink

Biol 143 (21 decks)

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