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Biol 143 > population ecology > Flashcards

population ecology Flashcards

1
Q

what is a population?

A

group of same species living in a defined area

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2
Q

some natural reasons that cause change in population size

A

food, water, living space, predators

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3
Q

population size

A

number of individuals in a population

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4
Q

minimum viable population

A

smallest group needed to sustain population

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5
Q

population density

A

member of individuals per unit area

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6
Q

plot sampling estimation

A

-choose size the plot will be
-choose located plots within population area
-count individuals in plots
-determine total population area
-average plot population x total area

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7
Q

mark recapture method of population estimation

A
  1. capture a number of animals, mark them in some way and then release them.
  2. After a while, you capture a second group of animals and see how many of them have the mark.
  3. By comparing the marked animals in the second group to the total captured, you can estimate the total population size.
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8
Q

what does it mean if you mark 10 and then recapture 10 but only 1 is marked ?

A

10 is 10% of the population, so there is 100 total

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9
Q

mark recapture method assumes that…

A

equal proportion is captured each time

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10
Q

population distribution

A

where individuals are found within the population area

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11
Q

3 population distribution patterns:

A

clumped, uniform, or random

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12
Q

clumped distribution

A

-individuals are found in groups
-may cluster around needed resources (abiotic factor)
-may group together socially (biotic factor)

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13
Q

grouping together (biotic factor) gives protection from

A

predators

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14
Q

most common population distribution pattern

A

clumped distribution

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15
Q

uniform distribution

A

-individuals are spaced evenly
-often from negative interactions between individuals (biotic)

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16
Q

creosote bushes use up all water and inhibit growth of nearby individuals

this is an example of what?

A

uniform distribution

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17
Q

random distribution

A

-individuals spread out without a pattern
-resources are evenly distributed
-little social interactions

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18
Q

example of random distribution

A

dandelion seeds grow wherever they fall

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19
Q

least common population distribution pattern?

A

random distribution

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20
Q

growth rate (r)

A

how quickly a population is growing or shrinking

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21
Q

r =

A

r = birth rate + immigration – death rate – emigration

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22
Q

maximum biotic potential (Rmax)

A

the highest possible reproductive capacity of a species under optimal conditions

-females reproduce as much as possible
-no offspring die

23
Q

exponential growth is based on

A

current population size

24
Q

exponential growth: growth as a …

A

percentage of population

25
Q

graph of exponential growth:

A

J shaped graph
constant growth at Rmax

26
Q

biotic factors

A

the living or biological components of an ecosystem

27
Q

abiotic factors

A

the non-living or physical components of an ecosystem

28
Q

____ rarely happens in nature

A

exponential growth

29
Q

exponential growth assumes…

A

o Population reaches maximum biotic potential
o Resources are unlimited

30
Q

logistic growth takes _____ into account

A

limited resources

31
Q

carrying capacity (k)

A

maximum population size environment can support

32
Q

____ result as populations pass carrying capacity
Carrying capacity____ as environment changes

A

death; changes

33
Q

limiting factor

A

primary thing limiting population growth

34
Q

logistic growth:

Growth rate starts almost as _____
Rate slows as population nears __________________
Growth ____at carrying capacity
Makes a vaguely __ shaped graph

A

exponential
carrying capacity
stops
S

35
Q

density dependent factors

A

impact increases as population size goes up

36
Q

what helps determine carrying capacity?

A

density dependent factors

37
Q

Disease, Competition for resources, Buildup of wastes, Predation, Territoriality, Intrinsic limitations

these are all..?

A

density dependent factors

38
Q

density INDEPENDENT factors

A

impact is NOT affected by population size

39
Q

____ does NOT impact carrying capacity

A

density independent factors

40
Q

fires, storms, natural disasters

these are all

A

density independent factors

41
Q

life history

A

pattern of significant events in an individual’s life

42
Q

some examples of life history

A

o Development level at birth
o Parental care or lack
o When reproduction begins
o How many offspring are produced
o How often organisms reproduce

43
Q

semelparity

A

one reproductive event at end of life

44
Q

iteroparity

A

repeated reproductive events throughout life

45
Q

survivorship curves:

A

likelihood of survival throughout life

46
Q

survivorship curves: type 1

A

most dangerous things happen late in life
*Die in old age (humans)

47
Q

survivorship curves: type 2

A

equally likely to die at any age

48
Q

survivorship curve: type 3

A

most dangerous part of life is the beginning
*Most die early on (trees)

49
Q

These species are characterized by their ability to reproduce rapidly and produce a large number of offspring in a short period of time.

A

r adapted species

50
Q

hese species are characterized by their ability to maintain stable populations near the carrying capacity (K) of their environment

A

k adapted species

51
Q

______ -strategists typically have small body sizes, short lifespans, and invest relatively little parental care in each offspring.

A

r adapted

52
Q

______ -strategists typically have larger body sizes, longer lifespans, and invest more parental care and resources into raising each offspring.

A

k adapted

53
Q

r adapted:
___ environments
niche _______

A

unstable
generalists

54
Q

k adapted species:
___ environments
niche ____

A

stable
specialists

Biol 143 (21 decks)

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