soil and nutrients

Question 1

plant macronutrients are needed in

Answer 1

large quantities

Question 2

plant macronutrients
source: air

Answer 2

 carbon
 oxygen

Question 3

plant macronutrients
source: soil

Answer 3

 hydrogen – absorbed in water
 nitrogen, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur

Question 4

many macronutrients come from

Answer 4

soil

Question 5

plants stabilize

Answer 5

soil: prevent it from washing / blowing away

Question 6

soil is made from

Answer 6

 organic matter from partially decomposed dead things
 inorganic matter from decomposed rock

Question 7

soil is organized into layers called

Answer 7

horizons

Question 8

O horizon (organic)

Answer 8

Partially decomposed material

Question 9

example of O Horizon

Answer 9

Needles and pinecones on surface of ground that are in the process of decomposing

Question 10

A horizon (surface)

Answer 10

 High organic content carried down by rain
 Some mineral particles
 Lots of living organisms

Question 11

B horizon (subsoil)

Answer 11

less organic material, more mineral soil

Question 12

C horizon (substratum)

Answer 12

 Partially weather parent material

Question 13

O horizon is important for

Answer 13

for storing nutrients

-Layer is too shallow for most plant roots
-Decomposition in this layer releases nutrients into A horizon

Question 14

A horizon is important for

Answer 14

plant nutrients and water

-many roots in this layer
-organic content helps hold moisture in this layer

Question 15

B horizon is important for

Answer 15

anchoring roots and water

-Fewer organic nutrients in lower horizons
-Water is often still present

Question 16

C horizon may contain

Answer 16

groundwater

-Important for plants with long roots but not used for all plants
-There might be ground water in this layer, so it is important for very large plants

Question 17

Rhizobacteria can

Answer 17

convert nitrogen gas from air to a plant usable form

Question 18

rhizobacteria often live

Answer 18

in A horizon

Question 19

plants feed

Answer 19

rhizobacteria

Question 20

mycorrhizae symbiosis

Answer 20

 Fungi form mutualistic symbiosis with plant roots
 Dramatically increases roots surface area
* Increase absorption water and nutrients
 Plant gives sugar to fungus

Question 21

parasitic plants grow

Answer 21

on other plants

Question 22

parasitic plants merge

Answer 22

with phloem of other plants and steal nutrients

Question 23

examples of parasitic plants

Answer 23

dodder and mistletoe

Question 24

saprophytes have no…

Answer 24

-No chlorophyll

Question 25

epiphytes is a ___, not clade

Answer 25

plant lifestyle

Question 26

epiphytes grow

Answer 26

on other plants

Question 27

epiphytes dont

Answer 27

touch the ground

or parasitize/injure other plants

Question 28

epiphytes: roots get nutrients from

Answer 28

pockets of decomposing material

Question 29

epiphytes: roots absorb water form

Answer 29

air (can only live in humid environments)

Question 30

insectivorous plants are found

Answer 30

in environments with low soil nutrients

Question 31

what kind of animals do insectivorous plants target

Answer 31

animals higher in N, K, and P

Question 32

O horizon = ____

Answer 32

organic

Question 33

A horizon = _____

Answer 33

surface

Question 34

B horizon = ____

Answer 34

subsoil

Question 35

C horizon = ____

Answer 35

substratum

Question 36

C horizon = ____

Answer 36

substratum

Question 37

saprophytes parasitize

Answer 37

fungi
-get nutrients from digestion of dead organic material
-get nutrients from fungi michorrhizal interactions