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Anatomy Test 3 > Vascular Pathways > Flashcards

Vascular Pathways Flashcards

1
Q

Common _____ disorders include arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries),
atherosclerosis (fatty deposits and occlusion), hypertension, and aneurysms
(ballooning and/or rupture of the vessel)

A

arterial

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2
Q

(hardening of the arteries)

A

arteriosclerosis

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3
Q

(fatty deposits and occlusion)

A

atherosclerosis

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4
Q

(ballooning and/or rupture of the vessel)

A

aneurysms

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5
Q

Cardiac infarct and cerebral infarct resulting from _______ of arteries are major causes of morbidity

A

occlusion of the lumen

(cardiac infarct–heart attack
cerebral infarct–ishemic stroke)

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6
Q

____ is associated with the build up of fat (mainly cholesterol) beneath the
endothelium of artery walls

A

Atherosclerosis

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7
Q

Atherosclerosis:
–Leads to the thickening of arterial walls and damage to WHAT layer of the vessel?
–Eventually causes the artery to narrow and restricts blood flow

A

Tunica Intima

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8
Q

Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis:

A

Risk factors: obesity, high cholesterol, advanced age, genetics, smoking, hypertension,
sex (male)

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9
Q

Describe the anatomy of a vessel with atherosclerosis

A

–Thickened tunica adventitia and media
–Accumulating plaque
–damaged* and thickened tunica intima

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10
Q

Consequences of ____ can include:
* Ischemia (reduction in blood supply to an organ or region)
* Infarction (local death, or necrosis, of an area of tissue or an organ resulting from reduced blood
supply)

A

atherosclerosis

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11
Q

(reduction in blood supply to an organ or region)

A

Ischemia

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12
Q

(local death, or necrosis, of an area of tissue or an organ resulting from reduced blood
supply)

A

Infarction

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13
Q

Treatments for atherosclerosis and its consequences (ischemia and infarction)

A

Treatments: angioplasty, surgery

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14
Q

When endothelial linings of vessels become damaged due to disease processes or trauma, _____ can occur

A

vascular lesions

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15
Q

the formation of an intravascular clot

A

thrombosis (clot: thombus)

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16
Q

Thrombi can become dislodged and travel as ____ to other vessels and causes blockage of normal blood flow

A

an emboli (singular, embolus)

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17
Q

How do thrombi affect blood flow?

A

cause blockage of normal blood flow

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18
Q

Stroke in the brain, myocardial infarction in heart, pulmonary embolism in pulmonary artery, etc. are examples of __

A

results of thrombosis

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19
Q

the presence of viable bacteria in the circulating blood

A

Bacteremia

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20
Q

What are ways in which bacteria can enter the body?

A

Bacteria can enter through wounds in skin, dental treatments, surgical procedures, or infections in the body

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21
Q

T/F: In people with weak immune systems, bacteremia can be a serious condition

A

True! (ex: older person, chemo patient, etc)

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22
Q

Without treatment, bacteremia can progress to ____

A

sepsis (which can cause organ failure and death)

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23
Q

What can sepsis lead to?

A

can cause organ failure and death

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24
Q

a collection of blood that pools outside of a blood vessel, usually caused by an injury or surgery

A

Hematoma

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25
Q

____ to the blood vessels cause the blood to permeate the surrounding tissues (bruise) and beings to clot

A

Localized trauma

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26
Q

What does localized trauma cause the blood to do?

A

permeate surrounding tissues (bruise) and clot

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27
Q

A _____ is considered ongoing bleeding

A

hemorrhage

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28
Q

a hematoma is ____ that has usually clotted

A

localized bleeding

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29
Q

Hematoma: what can the escaped blood cause?

A

swelling, tenderness, discoloration

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30
Q

Hematoma: How long will the swelling, tenderness, discoloration last?

A

will last until the inflammatory response subsides and the blood is broken down and absorbed back into the body

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31
Q

The ____ of the heart pumps out blood to the body through the systemic circulatory pathways

A

left ventricle

32
Q

The left ventricle of the heart pumps out blood to the body through the ____

A

systemic circulatory pathways

33
Q

T/F: The arteries are under pressure and pulsate with heartbeat

A

true

34
Q

On what type of blood vessel can a pulse be felt?

A

major arteries

35
Q

Name the 9 human pulse point

A

carotid, apical, radial, popliteal, dorsalis pedis, posterior tibial, femoral, brachial, temporal (all arteries)

36
Q

All systemic arteries originate from ___

A

a major branch of the aorta

37
Q

–Heart
–Head and neck
–shoulder and upper limb
are supplied by

A

Aortic Arch

38
Q

What supplies:
-thoracic organs
-thoracic body wall

A

Thoracic Aorta

39
Q

What supplies:
–Abdominal wall
–Lower back region
–Abdominal organs
–Pelvic organs
–Lower limb

A

Abdominal Aorta

40
Q

starts as the aorta leave the left ventricle and transitions into aortic arch as it begins to curve

A

Ascending aorta:

41
Q

Branches of the Ascending aorta:

A

left and right coronary arteries

42
Q

Supplies the heart tissue

A

left and right coronary arteries

43
Q

between the ascending aorta and the descending aorta in the thorax

A

aortic arch

44
Q

right brachiocephalic a., left common carotid a., left subclavian a. are branches of:

A

the aortic arch

45
Q

The branches of the aortic branch supply:

A

the entire head, neck, and upper limbs

46
Q

begins at the aortic arch and runs through the thorax and abdomen (then bifurcates)

A

Descending Aorta

47
Q

2 sections of the descending aorta:

A

Thoracic and abdominal aorta

48
Q

begins at the aortic arch and ends as the aorta passes
through the diaphragm

A

Thoracic region of descending aorta (thoracic aorta)

49
Q

3rd to 11th posterior intercostal, subcostal, esophageal, bronchial, superior phrenic, mediastinal, and pericardial aa (are branches to WHAT?)

A

Thoracic Aorta

50
Q

begins at the diaphragm and ends as the aorta bifurcates into the common iliac arteries (at L4 vertebral body)

A

Abdominal region of descending aorta (abdominal aorta)

51
Q

The abdominal aorta bifurcates into:

A

the common iliac arteries

52
Q

At what location does the abdominal aorta bifurcate into the common iliac arteries

A

L4 vertebral body

53
Q

3 branch directions

A

Anterior Midline, Lateral, Posterolateral

54
Q

Aorta Branch directions: unpaired visceral branches to digestive tract

A

anterior midline

55
Q

Aorta Branch directions: paired visceral branches to urogenital and endocrine organs

A

Lateral

56
Q

Aorta Branch directions: paired parietal (segmental) branches to diaphragm and body wall

A

Posterolateral

57
Q

All systemic veins will drain to the ___ or ____

A

superior or inferior vena cava

58
Q

The hepatic portal system drains the ________ and is separate from the caval system

A

abdominal organs

59
Q

The _____ drains the abdominal organs

A

hepatic portal system

60
Q

Drains:
–Heart itself
–Thoracic organs
–Thoracic body wall
–Head and neck
–Upper limb and shoulder

A

Superior Vena Cava

61
Q

Drains:
–Abdominal body wall
–Lower back
–Liver
–Kidneys and gonads
–Pelvic organs
–Lower limbs

A

Inferior Vena Cava

62
Q

Both the superior and inferior vena cava drain into ___

A

the right atrium of the heart

63
Q

____ collects blood from the head, neck, upper limbs, and thoracic wall

A

Superior vena cava

64
Q

Internal jugular vein and subclavian vein merge on each side to form the ___

A

brachiocephalic veins

65
Q

____ and ____ merge on each side to form the brachiocephalic veins

A

Internal jugular vein and subclavian vein

66
Q

the brachiocephalic veins converge to form the

A

superior vena cava

67
Q

Azygos veins also drain blood from the ____

A

thoracic wall

68
Q

____ is responsible for venous drainage of all structures below the diaphragm

A

Inferior vena cava

69
Q

Venous blood from GI organs brought to liver as ____, and then filtered blood is returned to IVC via the hepatic veins

A

part of hepatic portal system

70
Q

Venous blood from GI organs brought to liver as part of hepatic portal system, and then filtered blood is returned to ____ via the hepatic veins

A

inferior vena cava

71
Q

Venous blood from GI organs brought to ____ as part of hepatic portal system, and then filtered blood is returned to IVC via the hepatic veins

A

liver

72
Q

Venous blood from GI organs brought to liver as part of hepatic portal system, and then filtered blood is returned to IVC via the ____

A

hepatic veins

73
Q

Heart: The ___ is located to the left of midline, while the ____ is located to the right of midline

A

aorta. inferior vena cava.

74
Q

T/F: both the aorta and the IVC are in the thorax and abdomen

A

True

75
Q
A

Anatomy Test 3 (9 decks)

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