Vascular Pathways Flashcards
Common _____ disorders include arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries),
atherosclerosis (fatty deposits and occlusion), hypertension, and aneurysms
(ballooning and/or rupture of the vessel)
arterial
(hardening of the arteries)
arteriosclerosis
(fatty deposits and occlusion)
atherosclerosis
(ballooning and/or rupture of the vessel)
aneurysms
Cardiac infarct and cerebral infarct resulting from _______ of arteries are major causes of morbidity
occlusion of the lumen
(cardiac infarct–heart attack
cerebral infarct–ishemic stroke)
____ is associated with the build up of fat (mainly cholesterol) beneath the
endothelium of artery walls
Atherosclerosis
Atherosclerosis:
–Leads to the thickening of arterial walls and damage to WHAT layer of the vessel?
–Eventually causes the artery to narrow and restricts blood flow
Tunica Intima
Risk Factors for Atherosclerosis:
Risk factors: obesity, high cholesterol, advanced age, genetics, smoking, hypertension,
sex (male)
Describe the anatomy of a vessel with atherosclerosis
–Thickened tunica adventitia and media
–Accumulating plaque
–damaged* and thickened tunica intima
Consequences of ____ can include:
* Ischemia (reduction in blood supply to an organ or region)
* Infarction (local death, or necrosis, of an area of tissue or an organ resulting from reduced blood
supply)
atherosclerosis
(reduction in blood supply to an organ or region)
Ischemia
(local death, or necrosis, of an area of tissue or an organ resulting from reduced blood
supply)
Infarction
Treatments for atherosclerosis and its consequences (ischemia and infarction)
Treatments: angioplasty, surgery
When endothelial linings of vessels become damaged due to disease processes or trauma, _____ can occur
vascular lesions
the formation of an intravascular clot
thrombosis (clot: thombus)
Thrombi can become dislodged and travel as ____ to other vessels and causes blockage of normal blood flow
an emboli (singular, embolus)
How do thrombi affect blood flow?
cause blockage of normal blood flow
Stroke in the brain, myocardial infarction in heart, pulmonary embolism in pulmonary artery, etc. are examples of __
results of thrombosis
the presence of viable bacteria in the circulating blood
Bacteremia
What are ways in which bacteria can enter the body?
Bacteria can enter through wounds in skin, dental treatments, surgical procedures, or infections in the body
T/F: In people with weak immune systems, bacteremia can be a serious condition
True! (ex: older person, chemo patient, etc)
Without treatment, bacteremia can progress to ____
sepsis (which can cause organ failure and death)
What can sepsis lead to?
can cause organ failure and death
a collection of blood that pools outside of a blood vessel, usually caused by an injury or surgery
Hematoma
____ to the blood vessels cause the blood to permeate the surrounding tissues (bruise) and beings to clot
Localized trauma
What does localized trauma cause the blood to do?
permeate surrounding tissues (bruise) and clot
A _____ is considered ongoing bleeding
hemorrhage
a hematoma is ____ that has usually clotted
localized bleeding
Hematoma: what can the escaped blood cause?
swelling, tenderness, discoloration
Hematoma: How long will the swelling, tenderness, discoloration last?
will last until the inflammatory response subsides and the blood is broken down and absorbed back into the body