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Anatomy Test 3 > Mediastinum > Flashcards

Mediastinum Flashcards

1
Q

central compartment of thoracic cavity between the pulmonary cavities

A

Mediastinum

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2
Q

Mediastinum lined by ____ on both sides

A

mediastinal (parietal) pleura

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3
Q

(Superior mediastinum) – bounded superiorly by:

A

superior thoracic aperture

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4
Q

(Superior mediastinum) – bounded inferiorly by

A

transverse thoracic plane (level of sternal angle to T4/T5 vertebrae junction)

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5
Q

(Superior mediastinum) –Bounded anteriorly by

A

manubrium

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6
Q

(Superior mediastinum) – bounded posteriorly by

A

vertebral bodies of T1-T4

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7
Q

Inferior mediastinum – between ____ and diaphragm

A

transverse thoracic plane

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8
Q

Inferior mediastinum – bounded
anteriorly by

A

body of sternum

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9
Q

Inferior mediastinum- bounded posteriorly by

A

lower 8 thoracic vertebral bodies

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10
Q

Inferior mediastinum–divided into three parts:

A

anterior, middle, and posterior

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11
Q

(Name the location)
Contains from anterior to posterior:
* (Remnants of)thymus
*Great vessels (with brachiocephalic veins and SVC anterior to arch of aorta)
* Vagus and phrenic nerves, trachea, esophagus
* Thoracic duct and lymphatics

A

Superior Mediastinum

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12
Q

Inferior mediastinum Parts–(remnants of) thymus

A

anterior part

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13
Q

(Inferior mediastinum Parts)–location of the pericardium and heart proper

A

middle part

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14
Q

(Inferior mediastinum Parts)–region behind the heart containing the thoracic aorta, esophagus, thoracic duct, azygos system of veins, sympathetic chain

A

posterior part

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15
Q

– contains no major structures
Otherwise has:
–loose CT
–fat
–some lymphatic vessels
–lymph nodes
–branches of the internal thoracic vessels

A

Anterior mediastinum

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16
Q

contains neural, vascular, and respiratory structures passing from the adjacent regions of the neck and abdomen (via the inferior mediastinum

A

Superior mediastinum

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17
Q

In children, both the anterior and superior mediastinum contain the ____

A

thymus

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18
Q

–Small, irregular shaped organ in the upper chest that produces and matures immune cells, including T-cells or T lymphocytes
–Primary Lymphoid Organ

A

thymus

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19
Q

After puberty, the thymus undergoes gradual involution and is largely replaced by ___

A

fat

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20
Q

Where is the thymus located?

A

the lower part of the neck and the superior and anterior parts of the mediastinum

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21
Q

The Thymus lies posterior to the ____ and anterior to the left brachiocephalic vein and pericardium (in children)

A

manubrium

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22
Q

The Thymus Lies posterior to the manubrium and anterior to the ___ and pericardium (in children)

A

left brachiocephalic vein

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23
Q

The great systemic blood vessels coming in and out of the heart lie within the ____ and their main branches arise before passing through the ____

A

superior mediastinum. superior thoracic aperture.

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24
Q

Right and left brachiocephalic veins will join to form ____

A

superior vena cava

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25
Q

Pulmonary trunk will exit right ventricle and split into:

A

right and left pulmonary arteries

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26
Q

Ascending aorta will leave ___and has three branches along the aortic arch

A

left ventricle

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27
Q

3 branches of the ascending aorta:

A

brachiocephalic, L. common carotid, and L. subclavian arteries

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28
Q

Superior vena cava returns blood from all structures superior to the diaphragm, except:

A

the heart and lungs

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29
Q

What vein will drain blood from thoracic wall into SVC?

A

Azygous vein

30
Q

Superior Vena Cava lies in right side of the ____, anterolateral to the trachea and posterolateral to the ____

A

superior mediastinum; ascending aorta

31
Q

Terminal half of Superior Vena Cava is in the:

A

middle mediastinum

32
Q

Pulmonary trunk: Exits from the ___ to bring oxygen poor blood to the lungs

A

right ventricle

33
Q

Pulmonary Trunk: Exits from the right ventricle to bring ___ blood to the lungs

A

oxygen poor

34
Q

Pulmonary Trunk: Initially ___ to the aorta, then moves ___

A

anterior; medially and posteriorly

35
Q

Pulmonary Trunk bifurcates into the:

A

right and left pulmonary arteries

36
Q

Small fibrous cord that passes from the root of the left pulmonary artery to the inferior surface of the arch of the aorta

A

Ligamentum Arteriosum

37
Q

Remnant of the fetal ductus arteriosus

A

Ligamentum Arteriosum

38
Q

fetal ductus arteriosus–This worked to shunt blood from the ___ to the ___, bypassing the nonfunctional lungs

A

pulmonary trunk; aorta

39
Q

Failure of the ductus arteriosus to close is called a:

A

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

40
Q

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) can lead to

A

mixing of blood from aorta (oxy) in pulmonary artery (deoxy)

41
Q

T/F: The path of the right and left vagus nerves are different

A

True

42
Q

runs parallel to the trachea and passes posteriorly to the superior vena cava and the right primary bronchus.

A

right vagus nerve

43
Q

enters the superior mediastinum between the left common carotid and the left subclavian arteries. It descends anteriorly to the aortic arch, before travelling posterior to the left bronchus

A

left vagus nerve

44
Q

The right recurrent laryngeal hooks around the right subclavian artery and ascends between the trachea & esophagus to supply the ___

A

larynx

45
Q

The right recurrent laryngeal hooks around the ___ and ascends between the trachea & esophagus to supply the larynx

A

right subclavian artery

46
Q

What nerve supplies the larynx?

A

Right recurrent laryngeal

47
Q

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve arises from the ___ as it passes the aortic arch.

A

left vagus nerve

48
Q

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops under the arch, to the left of ___, before continuing its journey to the larynx in the tracheal- esophageal groove.

A

ligamentum arteriosum

49
Q

The left recurrent laryngeal nerve loops under the arch, to the left of ligamentum arteriosum, before continuing its journey to the larynx in the ___

A

tracheal- esophageal groove.

50
Q

Vagus is ____ to the internal jugular vein; Phrenic is ___ to the internal jugular vein

A

medial; lateral

51
Q

Right recurrent laryngeal n. (passes under subclavian a. and in close contact to ___ of lung)

A

apex

52
Q

Tumors of the left or right lung, dilations of aortic arch or pulmonary trunk, esophageal cancer, and tracheal cancer can compress the ___ causing hoarseness

A

recurrent laryngeal nerve

53
Q

What can compression of the recurrent laryngeal nerve cause?

A

hoarseness

54
Q

T/F: the right recurrent laryngeal nerve enters the mediastinum

A

false (stays outside); loops around right subclavian artery

55
Q

Right and left vagus nerves give off ____ branches that contribute to the cardiac and pulmonary plexuses

A

parasympathetic

56
Q

Right and left vagus nerves give off parasympathetic branches that contribute to the ____

A

cardiac and pulmonary plexuses

57
Q

As the vagus nerves pass behind the main bronchi, they converge on the esophagus and form the:

A

esophageal plexus

58
Q

Just superior to the diaphragm, the plexus gives rise to two vagal trunks:

A

the anterior and posterior vagal trunk

59
Q

Passes along anterior surface of the anterior scalene muscle in the neck

A

Phrenic Nerve (C3-C5)

60
Q

Phrenic Nerve (C3-C5): Enters the mediastinum _____ to the great vessels

A

lateral

61
Q

Phrenic Nerve (C3-C5): Descend anteriorly into the ____, passing anterior to the root of the lungs

A

middle mediastinum

62
Q

Phrenic Nerve (C3-C5): Accompanied by the ______ vessels (br. of internal thoracic)

A

pericardiacophrenic

63
Q

Important landmark helping to identify Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve

A

tracheal- esophageal groove

64
Q

Esophagus: Posterior to the arch of the aorta and ___

A

pericardium (left ventricle)

65
Q

Esophagus: Passes through esophageal hiatus at

A

T10

66
Q

Esophagus: Anterior and posterior vagal trunks form just before passing through ___

A

diaphragm

67
Q

–Localized abnormal dilation of the aorta
–Can be thoracic or abdominal

A

Aneurysm of the Aorta

68
Q

Causes: high blood pressure, high cholesterol, atherosclerosis, sudden traumatic injury (relating to heart)

A

Aneurysm of the Aorta

69
Q

Surgical treatment for Aortic Aneurysm

A

open abdominal or open chest repair (replaced with synthetic graft), endovascular repair (using stent graft)

70
Q
A

Anatomy Test 3 (9 decks)

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