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Anatomy I Test 3 > Lungs > Flashcards

Lungs Flashcards

1
Q

Main functions of lungs

A

oxygenate the blood
by bringing inspired air into close
relation with venous blood in the
pulmonary capillaries

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2
Q

Healthy lungs are normally light, soft,
and spongy and fully occupy the
____

A

pulmonary cavities

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3
Q

Lungs are elastic (due to fibers in
alveoli) and they recoil to about one-
third their uninflated size when the
thoracic cavity is ____

A

opened

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4
Q

T/F: Each lung is contained within same pleural sac

A

False: Each lung is contained with separate
pleural sacs

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5
Q

Lungs are separated by

A

mediastinum

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6
Q

Each lung is surrounded by a pleural
cavity/sac, which is formed by the
_____

A

visceral and parietal pleura

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7
Q

Lungs are elastic due to fibers in
_____

A

alveoli

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8
Q

The lungs are suspended from the
mediastinum by the ____

A

lung root

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9
Q

a
collection of structures entering and
leaving the lungs

A

lung root

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10
Q

T/F: The mediastinal
surfaces of both lungs lie in close
proximity to several mediastinal
structures.

A

True

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11
Q

Characteristics of Right Lung:

A

Apex, base, 3 lobes, 2 fissures, 3 grooves

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12
Q

2 fissures of right lung:

A

–Horizontal fissure (between
superior and middle)
–Oblique fissure (between
middle and inferior)

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13
Q

3 grooves in right lung:

A

Groove for brachiocephalic vein
* Groove for superior vena cava
* Groove for azygos vein

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14
Q

Overall, a larger, heavier lung

A

right lung

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15
Q

Cardiac notch and impression are present in

A

Left lung

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16
Q

How many fissures in left lung?

A

Oblique fissure (between
superior and inferior)

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17
Q

Grooves in left lung:

A

Groove for subclavian
artery
* Groove for arch of aorta
* Groove for descending
aorta

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18
Q

Surfaces of lungs: concave and related to
_____.
Includes the hilum, which
receives root of lung

A

Mediastinal surface (related to middle mediastinum)

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19
Q

Surfaces of lungs: –
concave and forms base
of lung

A

Diaphragmatic surface (base
of lung rests on
dome of diaphragm)

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20
Q

Surfaces of lungs: – large,
smooth, and convex.
Related to costal pleura

A

Costal surface

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21
Q

____ refers to the structures
contained in the pulmonary sleeve and
entering the hilum of the lung.

A

Root of the lung

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22
Q

Hilum/Root of Lung Contents:

A

Bronchi (with bronchial vessels),
pulmonary arteries and veins, pulmonary plexus
of nerves, lymphatic vessels

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23
Q

area outside of the pleural
sac (as area of continuity between the visceral
and parietal layers of pleura)

A

Pulmonary Sleeve

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24
Q

____of the lung refers to the area where
the structures forming the root of the lung
actually touch lung tissue.

A

Hilum

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25
Q

– where visceral pleura
and mediastinal (parietal) pleura meet

A

Pulmonary ligament

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26
Q

The walls of the airway in the trachea
consists of ____-shaped rings

A

C-shaped rings

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27
Q

The _____ airway constitutes the
tracheobronchial tree

A

sublaryngeal airway

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28
Q

Aspirated foreign objects lodge in ____
bronchus

A

right (more often than left)

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29
Q

narrower, more
horizontal. Passes inferior to arch of
aorta and anterior to esophagus and
thoracic aorta to reach hilum

A

left main bronchus

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30
Q

Left lung has how many lobes?

A

2–superior and inferior

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31
Q

How many fissures in left lung?

A

1–oblique fissure (between sup and inf)

32
Q

Thin, tongue-like process extending
down from superior notch (left lung)

A

lingula

33
Q

3 surfaces of lungs:

A

costal, mediastinal, diaphragmatic

34
Q

Trachea bifuracates at level of what?

A

Sternal angle/Transverse Thoracic Plane

35
Q

Tracheobronchial Tree:
Beyond the tertiary segmental bronchi–>
20-25 generations of conducting
bronchioles –> terminal bronchioles –>
____ bronchioles–>alveolar ducts –>alveolar sacs

A

respiratory bronchioles

36
Q

Trachea splits into main __

A

bronchi

37
Q

Primary bronchi split into

A

Lobar bronchi (secondary bronchi)

38
Q

Lobar bronchi branch into

A

segmental bronchi (tertiary bronchi)

39
Q

the anatomical, functional, and surgical unit
(subdivision) of the lungs

A

A bronchopulmonary segment

40
Q

T/F: A bronchopulmonary segment Can be resected without seriously disrupting the surrounding lung tissue

A

True

41
Q

A bronchopulmonary segment consists of a segmental bronchus, a segmental branch of the pulmonary
artery, and a segment of _____

A

lung tissue surrounded by a thin septum

42
Q

____Can limit spread of infection

A

A bronchopulmonary segment

43
Q

A bronchopulmonary segment Drained by ___

A

intersegmental pulmonary veins (in the CT between adjacent
segments)

44
Q

primary site of gas exchange IN LUNG

A

alveoli

45
Q

____ diffuses across the alveolar wall and
enters the bloodstream, while ____
diffuses from the blood across the alveolar
wall to enter the alveoli

A

Oxygen. carbon dioxide.

46
Q

Each lung has one pulmonary ____
supplying blood to it and two
pulmonary ___ draining blood from
it

A

artery. vein.

47
Q

Right and left pulmonary arteries
arise from pulmonary trunk at level
of ____

A

sternal angle

48
Q

Arteries and bronchi are paired in
the lung, branching simultaneously
and running ___ in course

A

parallel

49
Q

T/F: Pulmonary veins run independent
courses from arteries and bronchi

A

True

50
Q

______ supply blood for nutrition of
structures making up the root of the lungs, supporting
tissues of the lungs, and visceral pleura

A

Bronchial arteries

51
Q

Two left bronchial arteries arise directly from the
____

A

thoracic aorta

52
Q

One right bronchial artery may arise either from a
posterior intercostal a., a left bronchial a., or ___

A

directly
from aorta

53
Q

Bronchial arteries anastomose with ____
in the walls of the bronchioles

A

pulmonary arteries

54
Q

Bronchial veins drain some of the blood supplies by
bronchial arteries and some drained by ___

A

pulmonary
vein

55
Q

Right bronchial vein drains into the ___ vein and the
left drains into the ____ vein

A

azygos. accessory hemiazygos.

56
Q

Generally, ___ travels from the pulmonary lymph nodes –> the bronchopulmonary
(hilar) nodes –> S/I tracheobronchial nodes –> L/R bronchomediastinal lymphatic
trunks

A

lymph

57
Q

Nerves of the lungs and visceral pleura are derived
from the _____, which are anterior and
posterior to the roots of the lungs

A

pulmonary plexuses

58
Q

Pulmonary plexuses: This nerve network contains ____, ____ and ____ afferent fibers

A

parasympathetic, sympathetic, and visceral afferent nerves

59
Q

Parasympathetic fibers are presynaptic fibers from ____

A

vagus nerve (CN X)

60
Q

(Lungs) Parasympathetic fibers: what kind of action to smooth m. of bronchial tree

A

(Lungs) Parasympathetic fibers: Motor to smooth m. of bronchial tree (what kind of action?)–bronchoconstrictor

61
Q

(lungs) Parasympathetic fibers: what kind of actions on the pulmonary vessels?

A

Inhibitory to the pulmonary vessels (vasodilator)

62
Q

(lungs) Parasympathetic fibers: what kind of action to the glands of bronchial tree

A

Secretory to the glands of bronchial tree (secretomotor)

63
Q

Sympathetic fibers are postsynaptic fibers from ____

A

sympathetic trunks

64
Q

Sympathetic fibers are ___ fibers from sympathetic trunks

A

postsynaptic

65
Q

(lungs) Sympathetic fibers: have what actions on bronchial smooth muscle?

A

Inhibitory to bronchial smooth m. (bronchodilator)

66
Q

(lungs) Sympathetic fibers: what affect on pulmonary vessels?

A

Motor to the pulmonary vessels (vasoconstrictor)

67
Q

(lungs) Sympathetic fibers: affect on alveolar glands????

A

Inhibitory to alveolar glands of bronchial tree (secreto- inhibitory)

68
Q

(lungs) Visceral afferent/sensory: either conducting ____ or _____

A

reflexive or nociceptive

69
Q

subconscious sensations associated with reflexes that control function

A

reflexive

70
Q

pain impulses generated in responses to chemical irritants, ischemia, or excessive stress

A

nociceptive

71
Q

Reflexive visceral afferent fibers accompany ____

A

parasympathetic fibers

72
Q

nociceptive afferent fibers that accompany the visceral pleura and bronchi accompany the ___

A

sympathetic fibers

73
Q

–Infection of alveoli
–Can be caused by virus,
bacteria, or fungus
–Leads to swelling of alveolar walls and fluid or pus in the alveolar spaces

A

pneumonia

74
Q

–Reduces capacity for gas exchange and makes breathing difficult and painful
–May involve a lung segment, lobe, or entire lung

A

pneumonia

75
Q
A

Anatomy I Test 3 (9 decks)

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