Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy Test 3 > Circulatory System (Lymphatics Pt 1) > Flashcards

Circulatory System (Lymphatics Pt 1) Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiovascular System + Lymphatic System =

A

Circulatory System

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Components of Cardiovascular System

A

heart, blood vessels, blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Components of lymphatic System

A

Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, and lymph

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Goals of the Vascular System

A
  • Arterial supply delivers oxygen-rich blood to cells/tissues/organs
  • Venous drainage carries away oxygen depleted blood from cells/tissues/organs
  • Capillary networks act to exchange oxygen and nutrients for carbon dioxide, as the
    go-between for arteries and veins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Arterial supply delivers oxygen-____ blood to cells/tissues/organs

A

oxygen rich

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Venous drainage carries away oxygen depleted blood from ____

A

cells/tissues/organs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Capillary networks act to exchange oxygen and nutrients for _____, as the
go-between for arteries and veins

A

carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where does the exchange of oxygenated vs deoxygenated blood occur?

A

Capillary beds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Arteries are traveling ______ the heart and veins are traveling ___ the heart

A

Arteries (away) Veins (to)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

The heart acts as two muscular pumps that act in
series, dividing the circulation into two
components:

A

Pulmonary and Systematic Circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

In ______ Circulation: Low-oxygen blood returning from systemic
circulation is propelled into the lungs by the right
ventricle (RV)

A

Pulmonary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In Pulmonary Circulation: carbon dioxide exchanged for oxygen in the
____ of the lungs

A

capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Oxygen-rich blood is returned to the ____ via
the pulmonary veins of the lung

A

left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

In Pulmonary Circulation: Oxygen-rich blood is returned to the left atrium via
the _____ of the lung

A

pulmonary veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

In Systematic Circulation: Oxygen-rich blood returning from pulmonary
circulation is propelled through ______

A

systemic arteries
(aorta and its branches)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

(Systematic Circulation)

In tissues, ____ are exchanged for _______ in the body’s capillaries

A

oxygen and nutrients exchanged for CO2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

(Systematic Circulation)
Low-oxygen blood is returned to the _____
via systemic veins (tributaries of superior and
inferior vena cava)

A

right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is special about the pulmonary artery?

A

Only artery in the body transporting oxygen-poor blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In pulmonary circulation: blood coming from ___ and eventually entering _____

A

Right ventricle, left atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

In systematic circulation: blood coming from ___ and eventually entering _____

A

left ventricle to right atrium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Systemic Circulation Contains Many
____ Circuits

A

Parallel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

_____ arteries serve the various regions
and/or organ systems of the body

A

Systemic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

How are blood vessels named?

A

Blood vessels share names with either the
body region they traverse or the bone next to
them

  • Some are named for the structure they supply
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

– connections between multiple branches of
an artery provide numerous potential detours for blood flow
in case the usual pathway is obstructed

A

Anastomoses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Examples of obstructions of blood flow that may result in utilization of anastomoses:

A
  • Compression of artery due to position of a joint
  • Pathology
  • Surgical ligation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

– smaller alternative channels of blood
flow can increase in size over time if a main channel is
occluded

A

Collateral Circulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is collateral circulation?

A

– smaller alternative channels of blood
flow can increase in size over time if a main channel is
occluded

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

large network of blood vessels within an
organ system

A

Vascular plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Vascular plexus that drains blood from
vertebral canal,
bones, and bone
marrow

A

Internal vertebral
venous plexus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Arteries and veins consist of three tunic layers:

A

Tunica adventitia/externa, Tunica media, Tunica intima

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

inside of blood
vessel (contains blood)

A

lumen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Outermost layer of a blood vessel

A

Tunica adventitia/externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What fibers are found in Tunica adventitia/externa? What tissue is it?

A

collagen and elastic fibers; contains nerve fibers; Connective tissue layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Layer of blood vessel that helps anchor the vessel to other tissues, protects and
supports vessel

A

Tunica adventitia/externa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

–Middle, muscular layer of a blood vessel
–Usually containing smooth muscle under autonomic
control
–most variable layer

A

Tunica media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Tunica Intima is what layer of a blood vessel? What is type of tissue is it?

A

Innermost; endothelial layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

–Single layer of flattened epithelial cells (endothelium)
–Supported by a basement membrane
–Closest to lumen of vessel

A

Tunica Intima

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Capillaries only contain this layer

A

Tunica intima (endothelial layer)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Smooth muscle in tunica media is under ____ control

A

autonomic control (sympathetic and
parasympathetics)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Vasoconstriction – narrowing of blood vessel lumen (muscle _____)

A

contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

this layer of a blood vessel is involved with vasodilation and vasoconstriction

A

Tunica Media

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

____ pressure created by:
* Elevated pressure of blood from being “pumped” by
the heart
* Elastic nature of the arterial walls
* Minimum amount of pressure from gravity

A

Hydrostatic Pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

T/F: Hydrostatic pressure will affect the movement of
materials into capillaries

A

False: Hydrostatic pressure will affect the movement of
materials out of capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Arteries: Tunica Adventitia consists of

A

Elastin and collagen
* Vasa variorum (vessels of vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Arteries: Tunica Media characteristics and contents

A

Very robust
* External elastic lamina
* Smooth muscle

46
Q

Arteries: Tunica Interna consists of

A

Internal elastic lamina
* Endothelium and basement membrane

47
Q

Blood passes through arteries of
____ caliber

A

decreasing

48
Q

These arteries:
* Walls ~10% vessel diameter
* Well defined elastic laminae
* Thick tunica media (elastic lamellae)
* Functions as pressure reservoir

A

Large elastic (conducting arteries)
–largest

49
Q

Name the Artery:
–Thick, muscular tunica media
* Walls ~25% vessel diameter
* Vascular tone (can decrease their diameter, or vasoconstrict, to regulate
flow of blood to different parts of the
body as required by circumstance

A

Medium muscular (distributing)
arteries

50
Q

Arteries: under autonomic control (sympathetic =
vasoconstriction)
* Walls ~50% vessel diameter
* Thin tunica interna and thin internal elastic lamina

A

Small arteries and arterioles (resistance vessels)

51
Q

Small arteries and arterioles (resistance vessels): The degree of filling the capillary beds and the arterial
pressure is regulated by ____ in
smooth muscle of arteriolar walls

A

degree of tonus (firmness)

52
Q

receive blood from arterioles, exchange fluids and
materials with interstitial fluids, drained of blood by post-
capillary venules

A

capillaries

53
Q

Capillaries are _____ tubes, and are generally
arranged into capillary beds (networks that connect the
arterioles and venules)

A

simple endothelial

54
Q

The blood enters capillary beds through ___ that control
the flow and is drained by the ____

A

arterioles; venules

55
Q

Capillary anatomy:
* Only a tunica ____ with endothelium and basement membrane
* Diameter is about 5-10um - only slightly larger than diameter of a
single erythrocyte (RBC)

A

tunica interna

56
Q

Medium Muscular Arteries: _____ (can decrease their
diameter, or vasoconstrict, to regulate
flow of blood to different parts of the
body as required by circumstance

A

Vascular tone

57
Q

Veins: Generally low-oxygen blood in veins, except for
____ bringing oxygenated blood from lungs
to left atrium of heart

A

pulmonary veins

58
Q

Veins normally do not pulsate or spurt blood when severed..why?

A

venous pressure low compared to arterial pressure

59
Q

Are veins or arteries more abundant? Which is larger?

A

Veins are more abundant than arteries and are usually larger
than corresponding artery

60
Q

____ tend to act as blood reservoirs and hold about 60%
of the body’s blood at rest at any given tim

A

Veins

61
Q

Anatomy of a vein: Tunica adventitia consists of

A

Elastic and collagen

62
Q

Describe the Tunica Media of Veins

A

Thin, some smooth muscle

63
Q

What is special about the Tunica interna of some veins?

A

Some veins have valves formed from endothelium that
create unidirectional flow of blood

64
Q

Blood passes through veins of ____ caliber

A

increasing

65
Q

Multiple ____ can form a small veins, which
make up venous plexuses

A

venules

66
Q

What is the thickest layer of the smallest type of veins?

A

The thickest layer of venules is the Tunica Adventitia (has thin media and interna)

67
Q

Type of veins:
–Drain venous plexuses
–Can have valves, if in limbs, to prevent reflux of
blood distally

A

Medium veins

68
Q

Type of vein:
–Have wide bundles of longitudinal smooth muscle
–Well-developed tunica adventitia

A

Large veins

69
Q

Large veins have wide bundles of ____ smooth muscle and well-developed ____

A

bundles of Longitudinal smooth muscle and well-developed tunica adventitia

70
Q

Valves are associated with this type of vein:

A

Medium vein

71
Q

Venous blood gets back to the heart through:

A

Venous valves, Accompanying veins (venae comitantes) and vascular
sheaths, and Musculovenous pump

72
Q

Venous Valves: Prevent backflow of venous blood due to gravity or ___

A

internal pressure

73
Q

Veins tend to be double or multiple (compared to arteries), and
those that surround deep arteries can form ____

A

an irregular branching
network

74
Q

____ – vascular sheath forces veins to stretch and
flatten as the artery expands during contraction of the heart, which
aids in driving venous blood toward the heart

A

Arteriovenous pump

75
Q

serves as countercurrent heat exchanger

A

vascular sheaths and accompanying veins

76
Q

____ veins are more likely to anastomose than arteries

A

Systemic

77
Q

Musculovenous pump: Contraction of skeletal muscles in limbs, limited by the ____ , compress the deep veins around the muscles –> slowly
pushes venous blood in the only direction it can go, which is towards
the heart

A

surrounding
deep fascia

78
Q

Musculovenous pump: what does this compression result in?

A

pushes venous blood in the only direction it can go, which is towards
the heart

79
Q

Outward expansion of muscles limited by deep fascia becomes ___

A

compression

80
Q

Within and around skeletal
muscle inside the deep fascia
(in neurovascular sheath)

  • Arteriovenous pumps
  • Typically, these are the
    muscular veins that run with
    named arteries
A

Deep veins

81
Q

–External to deep fascia so not
affected by muscle
contraction
–Have multiple perforating
veins along their course to
continuously shunt blood to
the deep veins to assist in
returning blood to the heart

A

Superficial veins

82
Q

T/F Arteries tend to be found at more
superficial positions in the body
relative to veins

A

FALSE: Veins tend to be found at more
superficial positions in the body
relative to arteries

83
Q

Superficial Veins: Have multiple perforating
veins along their course to
continuously shunt blood to
the deep veins to assist in
____

A

returning blood to the heart

84
Q

_____ can result from veins that
lose their elasticity and become weak
–Leads to swollen, twisted veins often in the
legs
–Can also be caused by incompetent deep
fascia making musculovenous pump
ineffective

A

Varicose veins

85
Q

Weakened veins ____ under the pressure
of supporting a column of blood against
gravity

A

dilate

86
Q

Varicose veins have a ____ caliber than
normal, and their valve cusps do not meet
up or have been destroyed by
inflammation (incompetent valves)

A

greater

87
Q

Capillary exchange: Arterial side is rich with nutrients and
oxygen and has a higher ____

A

blood pressure
(hydrostatic pressure)–to push water
outward

88
Q

Capillary exchange: Blood contains lots of proteins, like
albumin, and capillaries are mostly
____ to releasing proteins.

A

impermeable

89
Q

Blood contains lots of proteins, like
albumin, and capillaries are mostly
impermeable to releasing proteins. Negative
charge of proteins attracts water. This
creates _____

A

high oncotic or osmotic pressure (to
pull water inwards)

90
Q

T/F: Interstitial space of capillaries has very hight protein conc.

A

Interstitial space has very low protein conc.

91
Q

Capillary Exchange: On arterial side, ___is higher than
____ so there is a net outward flow of
water, nutrients, and oxygen.

A

hydrostatic P higher than oncotic P

92
Q

Capillary Exchange: On arterial side, ___ is higher than
___ so there is a net outward flow of
water, nutrients, and oxygen.

A

hydrostatic P is higher than oncotic P

93
Q

Capillary exchange: On arterial side, hydrostatic P is higher than
oncotic P so there is a net ___ flow of
water, nutrients, and oxygen.

A

outward

94
Q

Capillary exchange: On venous side, the ____ remains the
same; however, the ____ as
the blood pressure continues to decrease.

A

oncotic P remains same. hydrostatic P drops as blood pressure decreases

95
Q

In capillary exchange: When the oncotic P is higher than
the hydrostatic P there is net
____ flow of water, wastes, and carbon
dioxide.

A

inward

96
Q

Capillary Exchange: Not all fluid in interstitial space is returned
to the vascular system, so interstitial fluid
remains. It is taken up by _____ that will ultimately return the
fluid to the venous system.

A

lymphatic
capillaries

97
Q

Not all fluid in interstitial space is returned
to the vascular system, so interstitial fluid
remains. It is taken up by lymphatic
capillaries that will ultimately return the
fluid to the ___

A

venous system

98
Q

Direct connections between the small arterioles and venules proximal to capillary beds they supply
and drain are called _____

A

arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs)

99
Q

Permit blood to pass directly from arterial to venous side of circulation without passing through capillaries
* Found in the fingers

A

arteriovenous anastomoses (AVAs)

100
Q

____ are numerous in the skin, where they play a role in conserving body heat
* Connection between metarteriole and thoroughfare channel

A

Arteriovenous (AV) shunts

101
Q

3 Types of Capillaries:

A

continuous, fenestrated, and discontinuous (sinusoid)

102
Q

Type of Capillary found in Suprarenal glands,
spleen, liver, anterior
pituitary

A

Discontinous (Sinusoid)

103
Q

Rank capillaries from most to least leaky:

A

discontinuous (sinusoid), fenestrated, and
continuous,

104
Q

a vascular arrangement in which blood from the
capillaries of one organ is transported to the capillaries of another organ
by connection vein(s)

A

Portal System

105
Q

(Portal System) Blood passes through ___ capillary beds before returning to heart

A

two

106
Q

Three main portal systems:

A

hepatic (liver), hypophyseal (pituitary), and
renal (kidneys

107
Q

– venous system by which nutrient-rich blood
passes from the capillary beds of alimentary tract to the capillary beds (or
sinusoids) of the liver

A

Hepatic portal system

108
Q

Portal System relating to the pituitary

A

hypophyseal

109
Q

T/F: All fluid and electrolytes in the interstitial
(extracellular) spaces from the blood capillaries
is also reabsorbed

A

False; As much as 3 liters each day fails to be
reabsorbed

110
Q

Amount of interstitial fluid remains fairly
constant under normal conditions because of

A

the lymphatic system

111
Q
A

Anatomy Test 3 (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions