Diaphragm Flashcards
Diaphragm: Thin muscular and tendinous septum that separates
the thoracic cavity from the ___ cavity
abdominal
The diaphragm is pierced by structures
that pass between the thorax and
abdomen
* ______ – T8 – inferior vena
cava
Caval hiatus
3 hiatus that pierce the diaphragm
Caval, esophageal, aortic
The diaphragm is pierced by structures
that pass between the thorax and
abdomen–_______ hiatus – T10
Esophageal
The diaphragm is pierced by structures
that pass between the thorax and
abdomen–Aortic hiatus – ____ – aorta passes
behind the diaphragm
T12
The ___ of the
diaphragm are musculotendinous
bands that arise from the anterior
surface of L1-3/IVDs and the anterior
longitudinal ligamen
crura (singular, crus)
T/F: Right crus is smaller and shorter than the
left crus
F: Right crus is larger and longer
______ passes through the
right crus and helps to form a sling to
constrict esophagus
Esophageal hiatus
Esophageal hiatuspasses through the
right crus and helps to form a sling to
constrict ___
esophagus
____ ligament – unites the
crura and forms the aortic hiatus
Median arcuate
___arcuate ligament – thickening
of fascia (psoas major)
Medial
____ arcuate ligament – thickening
of fascia (quadratus lumborum)
Lateral
Innervation (somatic motor) to the diaphragm via:
phrenic
nerve (C3-C5)
Phrenic nerve also carries
_____ information (pain and
proprioception)
somatic sensory
Arterial Supply to diaphragm:
Superior surface:
pericardiacophrenic and
musculophrenic arteries (from
________.) and superior
phrenic arteries (from thoracic aorta)
internal thoracic a
(arterial supply) Inferior surface of diaphragm is:
inferior phrenic arteries (from abdominal aorta)
(Arterial Supply to diaphragm)
Superior surface:
pericardiacophrenic and
musculophrenic arteries and superior
phrenic arteries
(Diaphragm) Venous Drainage
- Superior surface:
pericardiacophrenic and
musculophrenic veins drain into
____ veins; superior
phrenic vein drain into ___ (right
side)
Internal thoracic; IVC
(Diaphragm) Venous Drainage:
Inferior surface: right inferior phrenic
vein drain into ___ left inferior
phrenic drains into IVC and
___
IVC; suprarenal vein
In cross-section, the thoracic cavity
is ___-shaped from thoracic
vertebral column on posterior side
kidney
Thoracic Cavity is divided into 3 cavities:
Right, left pulmonary cavities, and central mediastinum
–
bilateral compartments containing
the lungs and pleurae (lining
membranes) and occupy a majority of
the thoracic cavity
Right and left pulmonary cavities
___________ – compartment
intervening between and completely
separating the two pulmonary
cavities, which contains essentially all
other thoracic structures (heart, great
vessels, trachea, esophagus, thymus,
lymph nodes)
Central mediastinum
Each lung is invested by and enclosed
in a serous pleural sac that consists
of two continuous membranes – the
____
pleurae
The _____ pleura covers the lungs and is
adherent to all its surfaces (creates
shiny outer surface); it cannot be
dissected from the lungs. Is
continuous with parietal pleura at
root of lung
visceral pleura (pulmonary
pleura)
The _____ pleura lines the
pulmonary cavities, adhering to the
thoracic wall, the mediastinum, and
the diaphragm
parietal
______ = potential space
between layers of pleura
Pleural cavity
(Pleural cavity) Contains a small amount of ______, which lubricates the
pleural surfaces and allows layers
to slide smoothly over each other
during respiration
serous
pleural fluid
Contains a small amount of serous
pleural fluid, which lubricates the
pleural surfaces and allows layers
to slide smoothly over each other
during respiration
Pleural cavity
T/F: Parietal pleura is thinner
than visceral pleura
False: thicker
T/F: During surgery and
dissection, the parietal
pleura can be removed
True (Visceral/Pulmonary pleura CANNOT be removed)
lines
along which the parietal pleura
changes direction as it passes
(reflects) from one wall of the
pleural cavity to another
Lines of pleural reflection
Pleura extends down further than
lowest point of lungs during
____
expiration
3 examples of lines of pleural reflection
sternal, costal, vertebral
T/F: The lungs usually completely fill the pleural cavity
False: The lungs do not usually completely fill the pleural cavity
The peripheral diaphragmatic pleura is in contact with the lowermost parts of
the ____
costal pleura
These potential spaces are called the ________, pleura-lined
“gutters”, which surround the upward convexity of the diaphragm inside the
thoracic wall
diaphragmatic recesses
A procedure in which a needle is inserted into the pleural cavity to
remove fluid
Thoracentesis
Thoracentesis: This excess fluid is known as a ______ –removal of this
fluid helps you breath easier
pleural effusion
____ = hemothorax
Blood
___ = empyema
Pus
Thoracentesis: Where is the needle inserted?
Inferior portion of the intercostal space (bc fluids Will collect in the costodiaphragmatic recess)
(Thoracentesis) Pleural effusion will collect in the ______
costodiaphragmatic recess
Pneumothorax = ___in the pleural cavity
air
Can be caused by a blunt or penetrating chest injury, certain medical
procedures, or damaged from underlying lung disease
Pneumothorax
Closed pneumothorax is commonly from a pleural laceration caused by a
______ (thoracic wall not affected)
fractured rib
Open pneumothorax is often from ___
gunshot wound
_____ typically has tissue flap in chest wall that prevents air
from exiting during expiration
Tension pneumothorax
T/F pneumothorax will cause lung to collapse
True
Symptoms of _____ usually include sudden chest pain and shortness of breath
pneumothorax
pneumothorax: Excess air can be removed by inserting a small flexible tube or needle
____ to remove the excess air
between ribs
______: autonomic
pulmonary plexus
Visceral pleura
The pulmonary plexuses contain
parasympathetic, sympathetic, and
visceral ____ fibers
afferent
___pleura: supplied by nerves
which supply the structures they
cover
Parietal
Innervation–Cervical pleura:
intercostal nerves
Innervation–Costal pleura:
intercostal nerves
Innervation– Diaphragmatic pleura: _____ (at periphery) and _____ (central tendon)
intercostal
nerves (at periphery) and phrenic
nerves (central tendon)
Innervation–Mediastinal pleura: ____ nerves
phrenic
4 parts of parietal pleura:
Mediastinal pleura, cervical pleura, costal pleura, diaphragmatic pleura
Parts of Costodiaphragmatic Recesses:
Diaphragmatic part, costal part
