Various Neuro Conditions

Question 1

What are Middle Cerebral Artery characteristics

Answer 1

-Contralateral hemiplegia Face
-UE>LE (MY CRAPPY ARM)
-Homonymous Hemianopsia
-Sensory Ataxia
-Perceptual deficit(nondominant hemisphere)

Question 2

What are the Anterior Cerebral Artery Characteristics

Answer 2

-Contralateral hemiplegia/hemisensory(LE>UE)
-Urinary Incontinence
-Apraxia

Question 3

Locked-in Syndrome

Answer 3

-Lesion to Basilar Artery
-Tetraplegia
-Lower Bulbar Paralysis (CN V-XII)

Question 4

Lateral Medullary Stroke

Answer 4

-Wallenburg; PICA
-Ipsilateral: Cerebellar symptoms, Pain and Temp Loss to Face; Sensory loss to UE, trunk, or LE
-Contralateral: Loss of pain and temperature to body and face
-Horner’s Syndrome: miosis, ptosis, decreased sweating

Question 5

Characteristics of Left Hemisphere Lesions

Answer 5

-Dominant
-Right Hemiplegia
-Slow, Cautious, hesitant, insecure

Question 6

Characteristics of Right Hemisphere Lesions

Answer 6

-Nondominant
-Left Hemiplegia
-Impulsive, quick, indifferent, poor judgement and safety
-Pusher Syndrome?

Question 7

What is Central Cord Syndrome?

Answer 7

-Hyper extension injury
-Bilateral Pain&Temp and Motor
-Loss of central located cervical tracts/arm functions
-Preservation of peripherally located lumbar tracts/leg functions

Question 8

What is Brown-Sequard Syndrome?

Answer 8

-Stabbing/Penetration wounds
-Ipsilateral loss of vibration, light touch, motor
-Contralateral loss Pain&Temp

Question 9

What is Anterior Cord Syndrome?

Answer 9

-Flexion injury
-Loss of motor and pain&temp
-Light touch is preserved

Question 10

What is Cauda Equina Syndrome?

Answer 10

-Spinal Cord Injury below L1
-non-reflexive bladder

Question 11

What is Guillain-Barre Syndrome

Answer 11

-Acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculopathy
-LMN
-demyelination of both cranial and peripheral nerves/nerve roots
-Bilateral distribution of weakness
-CN 7,9,10,11,12
-Stocking and glove distribution

Question 12

What is Myasthenia Gravis?

Answer 12

-Disorder characterized by progressive muscular weakness and fatigability on exertion
-Typically seen in females 20-30 year olds and males/females 60-80 year olds
-Primary impairment: fatigue or weakness with sustained activity
-Involves Bulbar and proximal limb-girdle muscles
-Diplopia, Ptosis, progressive dysarthria/nasal speech
-Proximal muscles more involved than distal

Question 13

What is Bell’s Palsy?

Answer 13

-Lesion of Facial Nerve
-Unilateral facial paralysis(both upper/lower parts of one side of the face)
-Loss of salivation and lacrimation

Question 14

What is Trigeminal Neuralgia?

Answer 14

-Tic Douloureux
-Lesion of the Cranial Nerve V
-Older population (mean age over age), abrupt onset
-Stabbing and/or shooting pain(neurogenic pain)

Question 15

What is ALS

Answer 15

-Lou Gehrig’s Disease
-Both UMN and LMN with degeneration of anterior horn cells and descending corticobulbar and corticospinal tracts
-Bulbar onset (progressive bulbar palsy)
-Early onset involves limbs progressing to whole body
-Sparing of bowel and bladder function
-CN 7,9,10,11,12

Question 16

What is Neurapraxia?

Answer 16

-Nerve injury that causes a transient and focal chemical/structural
-Often related to compression forces causing ischemia

Question 17

What is axonotmesis?

Answer 17

-Focal damage to the axon/myelin and varying degrees of peripheral nerve tissue
-Usually seen with crush injury or tension/traction injury
-Wallerian Degeneration- an active degeneration of the distal end of an axon that is a result of a nerve lesion