Other Pulmonary Pathologies

Question 1

What are the characteristics of Atelectasis?

Answer 1

-Collapsed lung caused by hypo ventilation
-There is usually fluid between the lung and the chest wall and the air sacs within the lung fill with fluid.
-Tracheal deviation is toward the affected side

Question 2

What conditions are usually associated with Atelectasis?

Answer 2

-Pain during ventilatory cycle(Pleuritis, after surgery)
-internal bronchial blockage(aspiration, mucus plugging)
-external bronchial compression(tumor or enlarged lymph nodes)

Question 3

What is Pleural effusion?

Answer 3

-Excessive fluid between the visceral and parietal pleura

Question 4

What causes pleural effusion?

Answer 4

-Increased permeability due to inflammatory diseases(pneumonia, RA, systemic lupus)
-increased hydrostatic pressure within pleural space(CHF)
-decrease osmotic pressure
-Ascites
-Cirrhosis

Question 5

What is pulmonary edema?

Answer 5

-Excessive seepage of fluid from pulmonary vascular system into interstitial space

Question 6

Describe Cardiogenic PE?

Answer 6

increased pressure in pulmonary capillaries associated with Left ventricular failure

Question 7

Describe Noncardiogenic PE?

Answer 7

-increased permeability of the alveolar capillary membranes due to toxic fumes, hypervolemia(too much fluid), narcotic overdose

Question 8

What is Adult Respiratory Distress Syndromes (ARDS)

Answer 8

-Characterized by pulmonary edema in response to systemic pathology(Sepsis, pneumonia, trauma, substance abuse)
-Life-threatening lung injury that allows fluid to leak into the lungs. Breathing becomes difficult and oxygen cannot get into the body. Most people who get ARDS are already at the hospital for trauma or illness.

Question 9

What is the largest risk factor for Bronchogenic carcinoma(non-small and small cell cancer)

Answer 9

-Smoking