Various MSK conditions Flashcards
What is Osteomyelitis?
Caused by a serious infection of the bone that can be either acute or chronic.
It is an inflammatory process involving the bone and its structures caused by pyogenic organisms that spread through the bloodstream, fractures, or surgery
Gout vs Psuedo-gout?
Gout: a common form of inflammatory arthritis that is very painful. It usually affects one joint at a time (often the big toe joint)
-Uric acid
Psuedo-gout: a form of arthritis characterized by sudden, painful swelling in one or more of the joints. Episodes can last for days or weeks. Typically affected knee/wrist.
-Calcium build up
Osteoarthritis Vs Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
Bonus:
-Polymyalgia rheumatica
-Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis
Osteoarthritis: (non-symmetrical)
○ Bouchard nodules = Nodules on PIP
○ Heberden’s nodules = Nodules on DIP
Rheumatoid arthritis: (symmetrical) morning stiffness (AGES: 30-50)
○ Boutonniere deformity- DIP extended, PIP flexed
○ Swan neck deformity- DIP flexed, PIP hyperextended
Bonus:
-Polymyalgia Rheumatica = (similar to RA -> Inflammatory disease causing shld/hip muscle pain/stiffness)
-Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis = Seen in Adolescences (stiff swollen joints, worst in morning, fatigue, unable to figure out cause)
What is Ankylosing spondylitis?
(Rheumatoid inflammatory type disease) inflammation of spinal ligaments (thoracic, lumbar, SI) Stiffness worse in morning
○ Ages: teenage to 20’s YOUNG adults
○ HLA B27 genetic test marker
Flexion Bias conditions
-Spondylolisthesis
-Spondylolysis
-Spondylosis
-Spinal stenosis
Extension Bias conditions
-Ankylosing spondylitis
-Compression fracture
-Disc herniation
What is Medial tibial stress syndrome (Shin splints)
A condition characterized by exercise-induced pain along the distal third of the posteromedial tibial border.
○ Caused by overuse/repetitive loading
○ Dull pain with non focal point over 5cm
○ Pain before, improves during, returns after
○ Limits mobility due to posterior compartment tightness (gastroc, soleus)
What is a Stress fracture/reaction?
A small crack in the bone caused by repetitive trauma or repetitive loading.
○ Caused by repetitive loading
○ Deep pain with POINT TENDERNESS (due to fractured bone) less than 5cm
Pain present at rest (especially at night)
Acute anterior compartment syndrome VS Chronic exertion compartment syndrome
Acute anterior compartment syndrome = result of direct trauma/tibial fracture; Results in swelling/increased compartment pressure (MOST common)
○ Due to car accident, broken leg, etc.
○ Severe leg pain, numbness, tingling, swelling, weak DF, absent dorsalis pulse
○ Present at rest AND activity
○ Decreases in ankle ROM expected
Chronic exertion compartment syndrome = elevated anterior compartment pressure restricting blood to muscles, typical in endurance runners (need new shoes, new terrain)
What is Complex regional pain syndrome?
Most commonly affects UE
Type I is also known as “reflex sympathetic dystrophy” and it comprises about 90 percent of all cases of CRPS.
Type II (Causalgia), on the other hand, is diagnosed when there is evidence of nerve damage.
*NO HEAT (loss of sensation)
1. Stage 1 = hyperalgesia (sensitivity to pain), vascular changes, atrophy, allodynia - pain to nonpainful stimuli (similar to hyperoathia) 2. Stage 2 = edema, atrophic skin, nail changes 3. Stage 3 = spreading of pain, cyanotic, osteoporosis
What is Piriformis Syndrome?
Piriformis muscle irritates the sciatic nerve causing pain in the buttock and referred pain along the line of the sciatic nerve.
○ Abduction and Lateral rotation of the hip will be WEAK
Difference between Bursitis and Tendonitis
Bursitis- pain with AROM AND PROM
Tendinitis- pain with AROM NOT PROM
Anterior dislocation VS Crutch palsy (which nerves are injured)
ANTERIOR dislocation = Axillary injury
Crutch palsy = Radial nerve
What is Lyme Disease?
Infection through bite from bug; intermittent arthritis pain and swelling to LARGE joints of body (ex. Knee)
Most common s/s: Bull’s Eye rash
What is Polyneuropathy?
Simultaneous malfunction of many peripheral nerves throughout the body. Infections, toxins, drugs, cancers, nutritional deficiencies, diabetes, autoimmune disorders, and other disorders can cause many peripheral nerves to malfunction.
* Caused by diabetes and excessive alcohol abuse
* Diagnosed by: Nerve conduction velocity testing
