Van Ijzendoorn and Kroonenborg

Question 1

aim

Answer 1

To investigate if there are cultural differences in attachment

Question 2

Procedure

Answer 2

meta analysis, 1990 mother infant pairs, 32 studies across 8 countries

Question 3

Findings

Answer 3

• Secure attachment was the most common across all countries
• Insecure attachment had many cultural variations such as Japan and Israel as well as Germany

There were 150% more variation within countries then between countries, so they were to Japan studies with 150% difference, this was because of whether children were raised in the city which is urban all the countryside which is rural

Question 4

Why were they cultural variations between Japan and Israel and what Was the highest type of attachment

Answer 4

HIGH INSECURE RESISTANT

• children are rarely separated by their mother in Japan (Takahashi study)
• Children in Israel are raised in Kibbutzim, so a communal living so they are rarely alone

Question 5

Why was Germany culturally different and what type of attachment was high

Answer 5

high insecure avoidant

- German parents value the children being independent

Question 6

Conclusion

Answer 6

There are no cultural variations in secure attachment but there are insecure attachment which is due to parents style and upbringing