Valvular Heart Disease Flashcards
Clinical features
SOB
Chest pain
Dizziness/syncope
MRS ASS
Mitral Regurgitation Systolic Aortic Stenosis Systolic
Aortic Stenosis features
Ejection systolic murmur
Radiates to the carotids
Best heart at 2nd ICS, right sternal edge
Aortic valve doesn’t open properly
Aortic stenosis - causes
Degenerative - age related
Calcification
Congenital
Aortic stenosis - signs
Low volume pulse - blood pumped through narrow opening
S4 may be present
Displaced apex (LVH)
Thrill
Aortic stenosis - management
Valve replacement - mechanical or bio-prosthetic
Mitral regurgitation - features
Pan-systolic murmur
Radiates to the axilla
Best heard at 5th ICS mid-clavicular line
Mitral valve doesn’t shut properly
Mitral regurgitation - causes
Papillary muscle rupture
Endocarditis
Floppy leaflets
Mitral regurgitation - signs
Displaced apex
Cardiomegaly
Mitral regurgitation - management
HF treatment
Surgery (repair valve or replace valve)
Mitral stenosis - features
Mid-diastolic rumbling murmur
Low pitched - listen with bell of stethoscope
Best heard at 5th ICS mid-clavicular line
Get patient to roll over to left side
Mitral valve doesn’t open properly
Mitral stenosis - causes
AF
Rheumatic fever
Congenital
Mitral stenosis - signs
Malar flush Tapping apex beat Opening snap Loud S1 Enlarged LA
Mitral stenosis - management
Treat AF (if appropriate) Surgery - valve replacement
Aortic regurgitation - features
Early diastolic murmur
Best heard at 4th ICS left sternal edge
Get patient to sit up breathe in and out and hold breath on expiration
Aortic valve doesn’t close properly
