Cholesterol and lipid metabolism

Question 1

Lipo-proteins

Answer 1

Transport non-polar lipids within the bloodstream
Hydrophobic core contains cholesterol esters & triglycerides
Hydrophilic coat contains amphiphatic cholesterol, phospholipids and apoproteins

Question 2

HDL

Answer 2

The good cholesterol
Contains apoA1 and apoA2
Removes excess cholesterol from cells transporting it to the liver and then hepatocytes.

Question 3

LDL

Answer 3

The bad cholesterol

Contains apoB100

Question 4

VLDL

Answer 4

Contains apoB100
Formed in liver cells
Transport triglycerides synthesised in the liver
Activated by the transfer of apoCII from HDL
The apoCII binds to LPL

Question 5

Chylomicrons

Answer 5

Contains apoB48
Formed in intestinal cells
Transport dietary triglycerides
Largest size 
Activated by the transfer of apoCII from HDL 
The apoCII binds to LPL

Question 6

Triglyceride hydrolysis

Answer 6

Glycerol + free fatty acids

Question 7

LPL

Answer 7

Hydrolyses triglycerides

Question 8

Statins (mechansim)

Answer 8

Decrease LDL
Increase HDL
Decrease triglycerides
Competitive inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase
This causes decreased hepatocyte cholesterol synthesis
Increase LDL receptor
Increase LDL clearance

Question 9

Statins (administration)

Answer 9

Oral

At night

Question 10

Statins (adverse effects)

Answer 10

Myositis

Question 11

Fibrates

Answer 11

Agonist of a nuclear receptor PPAR-alpha

First line drugs in increased triglyceride levels

Question 12

Fibrates (adverse effects)

Answer 12

Myositis