Congenital Heart Disease Flashcards
Ductus venosus
Connects umbilical vein to IVC
Carries majority of placental blood into IVC
By-passes portal circulation
Foramen Ovale
Opening of the atrial septum which connects RA to LA
Blood can flow from RA -> LA through an opening “flap” into the LA since in a foetus, RA pressure exceeds LA pressure
After birth, when LA pressure exceeds RA pressure, this pushes the flap closed.
Ductus arteriosus
RV output mainly goes via ductus arteriosus to join the descending aorta
Duct is open due to the circulating PGE’s which is produced by the placenta
Patent ductus arteriosus
Duct fails to close, common in premature babies
constant machinery murmur
Congenital heart disease
Abnormality of the structure of the heart
Present at birth
Ranges in severity
VSD
Hole in ventricular septum, not serious
Small - may close spontaneously, easily detectable as there is turbulent blood flow over the narrow orifice
Large - Larger orifice so harder to detect turbulent blood flow
Harsh pan systolic murmur
Transposition of the great arteries
RA and RV lead to aorta
LA and LV lead to pulmonary artery
Thus it is 2 loops that are incompatible with each other
Cardiac failure in babies
Moderate/large L->R shunts Failure to thrive Reduced feeding SOB Sweaty
Cyanotic CHD
Transposition of the great arteries
Tetrallogy of fallot
Acyanotic
Shunt from left to right
Cyanotic
Shunt from right to left
Give 3 examples of acyanotic congenital heart diseases
Ventricular septal defect
Patent ductus arteriosus
PFO
Give 4 examples of cyanotic congenital heart diseases
Trunkus arteriosus
Transposition of the great arteries
Tricuspid atresia
Tetralogy of fallot
Tetralogy of fallot
Don’t DROP the baby
- ventricular septal Defect
- Right ventricular hypertrophy
- Overriding aorta
- Pulmonary stenosis
