Valvular heart disease Flashcards
What are the 4 types?
Mitral regurgitation
Aortic stenosis
Mitral stenosis
Aortic regurgitation
What is MR?
Blood regurgitates during systolic contraction of the left ventricle
Results in congestive heart failure
What murmur does MR cause?
Pansystolic, high-pitched murmur radiating to axilla
What are the causes of MR?
Ischaemic heart disease
Infective endocarditis
Rheumatic heart disease
Marfan’s syndrome
Mitral valve prolapse
What is the presentation of MR?
Breathless
Fatigue
Pulmonary oedema
Palpitations
Cardiogenic shock
What is AS?
Most common
Narrow aortic valve
What murmur does AS cause?
Ejection-systolic, high- pitched murmur
Crescendo-decrescendo character
Radiates to carotids
What are the causes of AS?
Degenerative
Age related calcification
RHD
What is the presentation of AS?
Chest pain
Exertional syncope
Slow rising pulse and narrow pulse pressure
Heart failure
What is MS?
Narrow mitral valve
What murmur does MS cause?
Mid diastolic, low pitched rumbling murmur
What are the causes of MS?
RHD
Infective endocarditis
Congenital
What is the presentation of MS?
Tapping apex beat
Malar flush
Atrial fibrillation
Dyspnoea
Dyspnoea
Haemoptysis
What is AR?
Blood regurgitates during diastole
What murmur does AR cause?
Early diastolic, soft murmur
