Inflammatory disease Flashcards
What is infective endocarditis?
Inflammation of endocardium
What is the pathology of IE?
Bacterial colonization of valve
Vegetation enlarges due to platelet-fibrin deposition and bacterial proliferation
What are the 2 types of endocarditis?
Natural valve endocarditis
Prosthetic valve endocarditis
What are the 2 main causative organisms of IE?
Strep. viridans (subacute)
Staph. aureus (acute)
What is the presentation of IE?
Fever
Weight loss
Murmur
Myalgia
Osler nodes
Janeway lesions
Splinter haemorrhages
Vasculitis rash
Roth spots
Nephritis
What are the investigations for IE?
CRP
WBC
Anaemia
Blood culture
Echo (transthoracic or transoesophageal)
CT/MRI
PET scan
What are the major criteria for IE diagnosis?
Positive blood culture
Echo shows valve vegetation
What are the minor criteria for IE diagnosis?
Predisposing cardiac lesion
IV drug use
Temp>38 degrees
Embolic phenomena
Immunologic phenomena
What is definite IE?
2 major criteria
OR
1 major + 3 minor criteria
What is possible IE?
1 major + 1 minor criteria
OR
3 minor criteria
Are antibiotics effective in IE?
90% in NVE
50% IN PVE
When is cardiac surgery indicated in IE?
HF with valvular dysfunction
Uncontrolled infection
Embolism prophylaxis
Large vegetations
Renal failure
Severe regurgitation
What is myocarditis?
Inflammation and damage of myocardium (heart muscle)
What is the pathology of myocarditis?
Infiltration of inflammatory cells into myocardium
Reduced function and HF
What is the presentation of myocarditis?
Chest pain
Palpitations
SoB
fatigue
Oedema
