Ischaemia and infarction

Question 1

What is ischaemic heart disease?

Answer 1

Heart is starved of oxygen due to reduced blood supply

Question 2

What is IHD also known as?

Answer 2

Coronary artery disease

Question 3

What are the types of IHD?

Answer 3

Stable angina
Unstable angina
Myocardial infarction
Sudden cardiac death

Question 4

What are the clinical consequences of IHD?

Answer 4

MI
TIA
Cerebral infarction
AAA
PVD
Cardiac failure

Question 5

What are the causes of blood flow cessation?

Answer 5

Thrombosis
Embolism
Strangulation
Trauma

Question 6

What is infarction?

Answer 6

Ischaemic necrosis due to occlusion of arterial supply or venous drainage

Question 7

What are the types of MI?

Answer 7

Transmural- full thickness of myocardium
Subendocardial- necrosis limited to a zone of myocardium under the endocardial lining of the heart

Question 8

What is the outcome 4-12 hours after MI?

Answer 8

Necrosis
Oedema
Haemorrhage

Question 9

What is the outcome 12-24 hours after MI?

Answer 9

Necrosis
Neutrophils
Myocyte changes

Question 10

What is the outcome 1-3 days after MI?

Answer 10

Necrosis
Loss of nuclei and striations
Neutrophils

Question 11

What is the outcome 3-7 days after MI?

Answer 11

Dead myocytes disintegrate
Neutrophils die
Phagocytosis

Question 12

What is the outcome 7-10 days after MI?

Answer 12

Phagocytosis
Granulation tissue

Question 13

What is the outcome 10-14 days after MI?

Answer 13

Granulation tissue
New blood vessels
Collagen deposition

Question 14

What is the outcome 2-8 weeks after MI?

Answer 14

Collagen deposition
Decreased cellularity

Question 15

What is the outcome 2 months after MI?

Answer 15

Dense collagenous scar

Question 16

What is the appearance of an infarct after 24 hours?

Answer 16

Pale in solid tissues
Red in loose tissues

Question 17

What is the appearance of an infarct after 72 hours?

Answer 17

Pal infarct -> yellow with red periphery