Heart failure

Question 1

What is the presentation of heart failure?

Answer 1

Breathless
Orthopnoea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
Fatigue
Reduced exercise capacity
Peripheral oedema

Question 2

What investigations are done for HF?

Answer 2

ECG
MRI
Echocardiogram
BNP blood test

Question 3

What is the grading of heart failure?

Answer 3

I - no symptoms
II- comfortable on mild exertion
III- comfortable at rest
IV- symptoms at rest

Question 4

What is left ventricular ejection fraction?

Answer 4

Measurement of systolic functiion

Question 5

What is LVSD?

Answer 5

Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction
HFrEF- reduced ejection fraction

Question 6

What is LVDF?

Answer 6

Left ventricular diastolic heart failure
HFpEF- preserved ejection fraction

Question 7

What is the medical treatment of heart failure?

Answer 7

ACE inhibitor- ramipril
Beta blocker- bisoprolol
ARB- losartan
Loop diuretics- furosemide
ARNI (angiotensin receptor and nepolysin inhibitor)- sacubitril + valsartan
Digoxin
Ivarbradine