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Cardiovascular system > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

What is normal BP?

A

120/80

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2
Q

What is stage 1 HTN?

A

140/90

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3
Q

What is stage 2 HTN?

A

160/100

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4
Q

What is stage 3 HTN?

A

180/120

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5
Q

What are the risk factors?

A

Smoking
Diabetes
Renal disease
Male
Hyperlipidaemia
Previous MI/stroke
Low fitness
Age
Weight
Alcohol intake
Race

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6
Q

What % of HTN is primary?

A

80-90%

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7
Q

What % of HTN is secondary?

A

10-20%

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8
Q

What are the causes of secondary HTN?

A

Renal disease
Drug induced
Pregnancy
Endocrine
Vascular
Sleep apnoea
Obesity

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9
Q

What factors control BP?

A

Cardiac output
Stroke volume
Heart rate

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10
Q

What 2 systems are important for BP control?

A

Sympathetic nervous system
Renin- angiotensin- aldosterone (RAAS) system

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11
Q

How does the SNS control BP?

A

Vasoconstriction
Reflex tachycardia
Renin release

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12
Q

How does RAAS control BP?

A

Angiotensin II produced which causes vasoconstriction and water retention:
- Maintenance of sodium balance
- Control of blood volume
- Control of BP

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13
Q

What is hypertensive urgency?

A

> 180/20
No acute organ damage

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14
Q

What is hypertensive emergency?

A

> 180/120
Acute organ damage

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15
Q

What is the management of hypertensive emergency?

A

Lower systolic BP slowly

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16
Q

What is orthostatic HTN?

A

Decrease of 20 systolic or 10 systolic within 3 minutes of standing

17
Q

What is the treatment for orthostatic HTN?

A

Heel rises
Isometric hand grips
Tilt bed at night

18
Q

What are the types of HTN in pregnancy?

A

Chronic- existing
Gestational- develops in pregnancy
Preeclampsia- >140/90 and proteinuria

19
Q

What drugs are used to treat HTN?

A

ACEIs/ARBs- ramipril/ losartan
Beta blocker- bisoprolol
CCBs- amlodipine
Thiazide like diuretics- indapamide

20
Q

What is the treatment for >55?

A
  1. CCB
  2. Thiazide diuretic
  3. ACEI
  4. Beta blocker
21
Q

What is the treatment for <55?

A
  1. ACEI
  2. Thiazide diuretic
  3. CCB
  4. Beta blocker
22
Q

What less common agents can be used for treatment?

A

a-adrenoreceptor antagonists - doxazosin
Centrally acting agents- methyldopa
Vasodilators- hydralazine

Cardiovascular system (17 decks)

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