valvular diseases Flashcards
How do you calculate cardiac output
cardiac output (CO) = heart rate (HR) x stroke volume (SV)
how do you calculate EF
sv/edv x100
map calculation?
(co x systemic vascular resistance) + central venous pressure
what is infective endocardits
infection of endocardium or vascular endothelium of heart
symptoms of infective endocarditis
fever
malaise
sweats
unexplained weight loss
what is seen in investigation of infective endocarditis?
new heart murmur anaemia raised inflammatory markers positive blood cultures echo - vegetations
what is the most sensitive modality of echo?
transoesophageal is better than trans thoracic
features of cardiac decompensation?
sob
frequent coughing
leg swelling
fatigue
clinical signs of cardiac decompensation
raised jvp
lung crackles
oedema
vascular complications of cardaic decompensation?
vascular phenomena:
janeway lesions, stroke
immunological phenomina
ostlers nodes, roth spots
which part of the heart does infective endocarditis affect
endotheliam, valves
aortic valve most common
tricuspid in drug users
what is dilated cardiomyopathy characterised by?
dilated and thin walled chambers with REDUCED contractility
causes of dilated cardiomyopathy?
idiopathic genetic toxins pregnancy virus thyroid disease
how is dilated cardiomyopathy managed?
medical” acei b blockers, arbs
diuretics
anticoagulation for af
cardiac devices - resynchronisation therapy
what does dilated cardiomyopathy increase risk of?
heart failute
cardiac arrythmia
sudden cardiac death
