psych hard qs Flashcards
role of mental health on the cardiovascular system?
INCREASE CATECHOLAMINES AND STRESS, INCREASE BP. ANTI PSYCHOTICS HABE CV EFFECTS
what is thyrotoxicosis linked to
anxiety and mania
5 risk factors for delirium
AGE, PREVIOUS DEMENTIA, CATHETERISATION, IMMOBILITY, IMPAIRED ADLS
4 negative symptoms of psychosis?
anhedonia
apathy
alogia
affective flattening
7 steps of the mse?
GENERAL APPREARANCE THOUGHTS PERCEPTIONS SPEECH COGNITION MOOD INSIGHT
4 broad symptoms of EPSEs?
PARKINSONISM,
AKATHISIA,
TARDITIVE DYSKINESIA
DYSTONIA
side effects of antipsychotics on cns?
sedation
side effects of antipsychotics on cardiac system?
increased risk of events - long qt
effects of antipsychotics on the pituitary?
increased prolactin as release is suppressed by dopamine
meloncholic features of depression?
SADNRESS, TEARFULLNESS PSYCHOMOTOR RETARDATION
what cortex mediates attentional biases?
PREIGENUAL ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX (PREFRONTAL)
what is the lateral inferior frontal cortex associated with?
IMPAIRED ABILITY TO DIVERT FROM IRRELEVEANT NEGATIVE INFO
how does an fmri work?
WORKS BY DETECTING CHANGES IN BLOOD OXYGENATION AND FLOW THAT OCCUR IN RESPONSE TO NEURAL ACTIVITY
where are the serotinergic nuclei located in the brain?
raphe nuclei
indirect evidence pieces for the monoamine deficiency hypothesis?
PET SCANS,
POST MORTEMS,
MAO INCREASED IN DEPRESSION
6 factors of dependence synrome?
- KNOW ITS HARMFUL
- CRAVING
- WITHDRAWAL IF NEED TO STOP
- TOLERANCE BUILT
- CAUSING SOCIAL WITHDRAWAL CHANGES
- CONTROLS LIFE
outline the positive reinforcement model of addiction?
CHASE GOOD FEELING OF BEING HIGH.
DOPAMINE INCREASED IN VENTRAL STRIATUM CREATES PLEASURE.
effect of alcohol on dopamine?
increases dopamine neurone firing
which parts of the brain are involved in withdrawal?
HYPOTHALAMUS, BRAINSTEM EFFECTORS, AMYGDALA
how does motivation change from positive to negative reinforcement?
SHIFT FROM REWARD SYSTEM (DOPAMINE, MU OPIOID) TO STRESS SYSTEM (NOR ADRENALIN CORTISOL) DUE TO AMYGDALA DYSFUNCTION
outline the compulsion model of addiction
mOVES FROM VENTRAL TO DORSAL STRIATUM
4 types of drug target?
ION CHANNELS
RECEPTROS
ENZYMES
NT REUPTAKE SITES
how do NTs autoregulate
ACT ON THEMSELVES AND INHIBIT BY PREVENTING CALCIUM INFLUX
how does lithium work
eventually downregulates NMDA receptor
what does guanfactine do
for adhd, increases na
what is the inhibitory receptor for serotinin?
5HT 1A - MORE SEROTONIN - MORE SIMULATION LESS NEURONAL ACTIVITY AS MORE INHIBITION
what is an inverse agonist
INVERSE AGONIST - ACTS ON SAME RECEPTOR AS AGONIST BYT DOES THE OPPOSITE THING
eg
HISTAMINE - INCREASED ATTENTION IN ADHD
which site does gaba work at?
orthosteric site
how do benzodiazepines work on the GABA receptor?
upregulate it via allosteric sites
4 core features of adhd?
ATTENTION DEFICIT
DIFFICULTY CONCENTRATING
HYPERACTIVITy
AT LEAST 6 MONTHS
risk factors for adhd?
GENES
BEING MALE
PREMATURITY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
PRENATAL TOBACCO EXPOSURE
