psych hard qs

Question 1

role of mental health on the cardiovascular system?

Answer 1

INCREASE CATECHOLAMINES AND STRESS, INCREASE BP. ANTI PSYCHOTICS HABE CV EFFECTS

Question 2

what is thyrotoxicosis linked to

Answer 2

anxiety and mania

Question 3

5 risk factors for delirium

Answer 3

AGE, PREVIOUS DEMENTIA, CATHETERISATION, IMMOBILITY, IMPAIRED ADLS

Question 4

4 negative symptoms of psychosis?

Answer 4

anhedonia
apathy
alogia
affective flattening

Question 5

7 steps of the mse?

Answer 5

GENERAL APPREARANCE 
THOUGHTS 
PERCEPTIONS 
SPEECH
COGNITION 
MOOD
INSIGHT

Question 6

4 broad symptoms of EPSEs?

Answer 6

PARKINSONISM,
AKATHISIA,
TARDITIVE DYSKINESIA
DYSTONIA

Question 7

side effects of antipsychotics on cns?

Answer 7

sedation

Question 8

side effects of antipsychotics on cardiac system?

Answer 8

increased risk of events - long qt

Question 9

effects of antipsychotics on the pituitary?

Answer 9

increased prolactin as release is suppressed by dopamine

Question 10

meloncholic features of depression?

Answer 10

SADNRESS, TEARFULLNESS PSYCHOMOTOR RETARDATION

Question 11

what cortex mediates attentional biases?

Answer 11

PREIGENUAL ANTERIOR CINGULATE CORTEX (PREFRONTAL)

Question 12

what is the lateral inferior frontal cortex associated with?

Answer 12

IMPAIRED ABILITY TO DIVERT FROM IRRELEVEANT NEGATIVE INFO

Question 13

how does an fmri work?

Answer 13

WORKS BY DETECTING CHANGES IN BLOOD OXYGENATION AND FLOW THAT OCCUR IN RESPONSE TO NEURAL ACTIVITY

Question 14

where are the serotinergic nuclei located in the brain?

Answer 14

raphe nuclei

Question 15

indirect evidence pieces for the monoamine deficiency hypothesis?

Answer 15

PET SCANS,
POST MORTEMS,
MAO INCREASED IN DEPRESSION

Question 16

6 factors of dependence synrome?

Answer 16

• KNOW ITS HARMFUL
• CRAVING
• WITHDRAWAL IF NEED TO STOP
• TOLERANCE BUILT
• CAUSING SOCIAL WITHDRAWAL CHANGES
• CONTROLS LIFE

Question 17

outline the positive reinforcement model of addiction?

Answer 17

CHASE GOOD FEELING OF BEING HIGH.

DOPAMINE INCREASED IN VENTRAL STRIATUM CREATES PLEASURE.

Question 18

effect of alcohol on dopamine?

Answer 18

increases dopamine neurone firing

Question 19

which parts of the brain are involved in withdrawal?

Answer 19

HYPOTHALAMUS, BRAINSTEM EFFECTORS, AMYGDALA

Question 20

how does motivation change from positive to negative reinforcement?

Answer 20

SHIFT FROM REWARD SYSTEM (DOPAMINE, MU OPIOID) TO STRESS SYSTEM (NOR ADRENALIN CORTISOL) DUE TO AMYGDALA DYSFUNCTION

Question 21

outline the compulsion model of addiction

Answer 21

mOVES FROM VENTRAL TO DORSAL STRIATUM

Question 22

4 types of drug target?

Answer 22

ION CHANNELS
RECEPTROS
ENZYMES
NT REUPTAKE SITES

Question 23

how do NTs autoregulate

Answer 23

ACT ON THEMSELVES AND INHIBIT BY PREVENTING CALCIUM INFLUX

Question 24

how does lithium work

Answer 24

eventually downregulates NMDA receptor

Question 25

what does guanfactine do

Answer 25

for adhd, increases na

Question 26

what is the inhibitory receptor for serotinin?

Answer 26

5HT 1A - MORE SEROTONIN - MORE SIMULATION LESS NEURONAL ACTIVITY AS MORE INHIBITION

Question 27

what is an inverse agonist

Answer 27

INVERSE AGONIST - ACTS ON SAME RECEPTOR AS AGONIST BYT DOES THE OPPOSITE THING

eg
HISTAMINE - INCREASED ATTENTION IN ADHD

Question 28

which site does gaba work at?

Answer 28

orthosteric site

Question 29

how do benzodiazepines work on the GABA receptor?

Answer 29

upregulate it via allosteric sites

Question 30

4 core features of adhd?

Answer 30

ATTENTION DEFICIT
DIFFICULTY CONCENTRATING
HYPERACTIVITy
AT LEAST 6 MONTHS

Question 31

risk factors for adhd?

Answer 31

GENES
BEING MALE
PREMATURITY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT
PRENATAL TOBACCO EXPOSURE