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Year 3 - MedEd Lectures > Valvular Disease & HTN > Flashcards

Valvular Disease & HTN Flashcards

1
Q

What are the symptoms of Malignant Hypertension?

A

Visual field loss, blurred vision, headaches, seizures, nausea, vomiting

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2
Q

What are the common side-effects of Ace Inhibitors?

A

Dry Cough

Hyperkalaemia

Raised Creatinine

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3
Q

What are the most common side effects of Calcium Chanel Blockers?

A

Swelling

Angioedema

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4
Q

What are the most common side-effects of Beta Blockers?

A

Dizziness

Hypotension

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5
Q

What are the most common side-effects of Diuretics?

A

Dry mouth

Hypokalaemia

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6
Q

What can cause the presence of S3?

A

Heart Failure in older patients.

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7
Q

What can cause S4?

A

Hypertension

Aortic Stenosis

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

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8
Q

What might cause a Pan-Systolic Murmur?

A

Tricuspid Regurgitation

Mitral Regurgitation

Ventricular Septal Defect

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9
Q

What might cause a mid-systolic murmur?

A

Aortic Stenosis

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10
Q

What might cause an Early Diastolic murmur?

A

Aortic Regurgitation

Pulmonary Regurgitation

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11
Q

What might cause a Mid-Disastolic murmur?

A

Mitral Stenosis

Tricuspid Stenosis

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12
Q

What are the clinical signs of Aortic Stenosis?

A

Crescendo-Decrescendo Systolic Murmur (Ejection Systolic)

Radiates to the Carotids

Heaving Apex Beat

Slow Rising Pulse

Narrowed Pulse Pressure

LVH on ECG

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13
Q

How might Aortic Stenosis present?

A

Exertional Syncope

Worsening SOB, particularly on exertion

Paroxysmal Nocturnal Dyspnoea

Leg Swelling

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14
Q

What are the clinical signs of Mitral Regurgitation?

A

Pan-Systolic, high-pitched ‘whistling’ murmu

Radiates to Left Axilla

Associated with: IHD, Connective Tissue Disorders, Age

Causes Congestive Cardiac Failure

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15
Q

What are the Clinical Signs of Mitral Stenosis?

A

Mid-Diastolic low pitched rumbling murmur

Opening Snap

Loud S1

Louder when the patient lies on their left

Malar Flush

AF, Rheumatic Fever

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16
Q

What are the clinical signs of Aortic Regurgitation?

Early Diastolic, soft murmur (heard best at left sternal edge if the patient sits forward)

Water Hammer Pulse (Collapsing)

‘visible pulsation’ signs

Wide Pulse Pressure

A
17
Q

What is an Austin-Flint Murmur?

A

Mid-Diastolic, rumbling murmur seen in severe Aortic Regurgitation.

18
Q

What are the clinical signs of Tricuspid Regurgitation?

A

Pansystolic Murmur louder on inspiration

Elevated JVP with giant V waves

19
Q

What is Rheumatic Fever?

A

Inflammatory multi-system disorder occuring following a group A beta-haemolytic streptococci infeciton.

20
Q

What are the presenting symptoms of Rheumatic Fever?

A

Fever, Malaise, Anorexia

Polyarthritis

SOB, Chest Pain, Palpitations

Carditis

Erythema Marginatum

Subcutaneous Nodules

Year 3 - MedEd Lectures (29 decks)

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