Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 3 - MedEd Lectures > Urology > Flashcards

Urology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the key Lower Urinary Tract symptoms to be aware of?

A

FUND (Irritative) HIPS (Obstructive)

Frequency, Urgency, Nocturia, Dysuria

Hesitancy, Incomplete emptying, Poor stream, Straining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How is Benign Prostatic Dysplasia defined?

A

Slow, progressive hyperplasia of the Transitional Zone of the prostate gland.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How does Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia typically present?

A

FUND HIPS

Severe pain - retention

Smoothly enlarged prostate on DRE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How would you manage a case of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia?

A

Catheterise (Acute urinary retention emergency)

Alpha Blockers - tamsulosin

5alpha- reductase inhibitors - finasteride

Surgical - Transurethral resection of the prostate/Open prostatectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does Prostate Cancer typically present?

A

FUND HIPS

Bone Pain, Cord Compression, FLAWS, Paraneoplastic Syndrome

Asymmetrical hard nodular prostate on DRE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How would you investigate a suspected case of Prostate Cancer?

A

1) MRI

Transrectal US Biopsy

LFTs/Bone Profile to check for metastases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the key risk factors for Bladder Cancer?

A

Dye Stuffs

Pelvic Irradiation

Smoking

Chronic UTIs

Schistosomiasis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which type of cancer are most Bladder Cancers?

A

Transitional Cell Carcinomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How does Bladder Cancer typically present?

A

Painless, Macroscopic Heamaturia

FUND (No HIPS)

FLAWS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How should you investigate a suspected case of Bladder Cancer?

A

Cytoscopy with biopsy

CT/MRI for staging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the main types of Urinary Incontinence

A

Stress

Urge

Functional

Overflow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How does a patient with a Urinary Tract Calculi typically present?

A

May be Asymptomatic

Severe Loin pain radiating to the groin

Nausea and Vomiting

DDx- Leaking AAA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the most common types of Urinary Stone?

A

Calcium Oxalate

Magnesium Ammonium Phosphate

Urate

Cysteine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How would you investigate a suspected case of Urinary Tract Calculi?

A

Non-contrast CT KUB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How should you manage a patient with a Urinary Tract Calculus?

A

Analgesia

<5mm - Allow to pass

>5mm - Urteroscopic Lithotripsy, PCNIL, ESWL (Surgery)

Signs of Obstructed & Infected Kidney? Urgent Nephrostomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the typical symptoms of Testicular Torsion?

A

Sudden-Onset Severe Hemiscrotal Pain

Nausea and Vomiting

Swollen and Erythematous Scrotum

17
Q

How should you manage a case of Testicular Torsion?

A

1) Exploratory Surgery within 6 Hours

Dopple Ultrasound to demonstrate reduced blood flow

18
Q

What is a Hydrocele?

A

Collection of serous fluid within the Tunica Vaginalis.

19
Q

How do Hydroceles typically present?

A

Asymptomatic Swelling

Can get above it

Transilluminative

Swelling cannot be separated from the testicle.

20
Q

How should you investigate a patient presenting with symptoms of a Hydrocele?

A

US to exclude tumour

Urine Dipstick/MSU

Tumour Markers

21
Q

What is a Varicocele?

A

Dilated veins of the Pampiniform Plexus forming a scrotal mass.

22
Q

How does a Varicocele typically present?

A

Asymptomatic

‘Bag of Worms’ Scrotum

May reduce when lying down

23
Q

How does Epididymitis and Orchitis typically present?

A

Painful, swollen and tender Testes.

Penile Discharge

Fever

24
Q

What are the most common causes of Epididymitis and Orchitis?

A

<35 Yrs - Gonococcus & Chlamydia

>35 Yrs - Klebsiella, Coliforms

Mumps, Candida

25
Q

How does Testicular Cancer typically present?

A

Painless, hard testicular mass

Swelling/Discomfort

Backache (Due to metastases to the Para-Aortic Nodes)

26
Q

How would you investigate a suspected case of Testicular Cancer?

A

Tumour Markers - Alpha-Feroprotein, Beta-hCG, Lactate Dehydrogenase

USS

CT for staging

27
Q

What are the most common causes of Hypertension in a young person?

A

Conn’s

Coarctation of the Aorta

Renal Artery Stenosis

Year 3 - MedEd Lectures (29 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions