Breast Flashcards
What is a Fibroadenoma?
Benign neoplasm of a lobule, arising from stroma dna glandular epithelium.
Common in women of child-bearing age
How would you describe a typical Fibroadenoma?
Single well demarcated lump, 1-5cm in diameter.
Firm and Smooth
Commonly Painless
Mobile
How would you describe typical Breast Cysts?
‘Lumpy Breasts’
Well demarcated
Clear nipple discharge may be seen.
Painless
Transilluminable
Fluctuant and Mobile
How does Duct Ectasia typically present?
Sub-Areolar Mass with Nipple Inversion
Firm
Thick, yellow-green discharge.
Tender
Fixed
How should you investigate a non-cancerous breast lump?
USS/Mammography
Fine Needle Aspiration (Cyst)
Core Biopsy (FIbroadenoma)
How should you manage a Fibroadenoma, Breast Cyst or Duct Ectasia?
Observe
Surgical Excision
FNA (Cyst)
What is Fat Necrosis of the breast?
Painful, irregular, hard lump with overlying bruising occuring secondary to Trauma.
What is Intraductal Papilloma?
Benign Neoplasm growing within the ducts of the breast.
Bloody/clear nipple discharge.
Small, subareolar mass
What is Mastitis and what typically causes it?
Inflammation of the breast tissue.
Milk Stasis/ Over-Production
What may occur if Mastitis is left untreated?
A breast abscess may form, due to infection.
Staph aureus
What are the symptoms of a Breast Abscess?
Swelling
Redness, firmness
Very tender + warm to the touch
Flu like symptoms
How would you manage a suspected Breast Abscess?
IV/Oral Abx
US Guided Fine Needle Aspiration
FBC + Blood Cultures
Surgical Incision and Drainage
How would you manage a case of Mastitis?
If lactational, encourage breast feeding.
Analgesia.
Abx sometimes.
What are the main complications of Breast Abscesses?
Mammary Fistula
Overlying skin may undergo necrosis
What is the most common type of Breast Cancer?
Invasive Ductal Carcinoma
Which Grading System is used in Breast Cancer?
Nottingham
What are the recognised risk factors for Breast Cancer?
Age
FHx
Obesity
Oestrogen Exposure
EtOH
Fatty Diet
Radiation
Having no Children
HRT/OCP
What are the signs and symptoms of Breast Cancer?
Pretty much any change can be Breast Cancer
Usually Painless
Not free to move
Hard, Irregular, non-compressible
Signs - Skin thickening, peau d’orange, dimpling, discharge, nipple inversion
How do you investigate suspected Lung Cancer?
Triple Assessment
Clinical Exam
Imaging (<35 USS, >35 Mammogram)
Fine Needle Aspiration / Core Biopsy
Where does Breast Cancer most commonly metastasise to?
Liver
Lungs
Bones
How do you manage Breast Cancer?
Depends on type, stage and grade.
Surgery
Drugs - ER Antagonists (Tamoxifen), Aromatase Inhibitors
Chemo
Monoclonal Antibodies
Radiotherapy
What could a neck lump that moves on tongue protrusion, but not swallowing, be?
Thyroglossal Cyst
