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Year 3 - MedEd Lectures > Resp 3 > Flashcards

Resp 3 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 main conditions that present with cough?

A

Pneumonia

TB

Bronchiestasis

Lung Cancer

Mesothelioma

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2
Q

What are the causes of an Acute Dry Cough?

A

Asthma

Drugs (ACE Inhibitor)

Heart Failure

URTI

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3
Q

What are the causes of an Acute Productive Cough?

A

Pneumonia

TB

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4
Q

What are the causes of a Chronic Dry Cough?

A

Asthma

Lung Cancer

GORD

Mesothelioma

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5
Q

What are the causes of a Chronic Productive Cough?

A

COPD

Bronchiestasis

Lung Cancer

Cystic Fibrosis

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6
Q

What are the main causative organisms of Community-Acquired Pneumonia?

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Haemophilus influenzae B

Moraxella catarrhalis

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7
Q

What are the main causative organisms of Atypical Pneumonia?

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia (Transverse myelitis)

Legionella pneumophilia (Air Conditioning)

Chlamydia psittaci (Pet birds)

Chlamydia pneumoniae

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8
Q

What are the main causative organisms of Hospital Acquired Pneumonia?

A

Staph aureus (cavitating lesions)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Klebsiella (cavitating lesions)

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9
Q

How does typical pneumonia present?

A

Fever

SOB

Cough

Chest Pain (Pleuritic)

Confusion

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10
Q

How does Atypical Pneumonia present?

A

Dry Cough

Headache

Diarrhoea

Mylalgia

Hepatitis

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11
Q

What might you observe on Auscultation of a patient with Pneumonia?

A

Coarse Bibasal Crackles

Bronchial Breathing

Increased Vocal Resonance

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12
Q

How would you investigate a possible case of Pneumonia?

A

FBC, CRP, ABG, Blood Cultures

Sputum MCS

Pleural Fluid MCS (Thoracentesis)

CXR

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13
Q

How might you investigate Atypical Pneumonia?

A

Serology

Urinary Antigens (Legionella, Strep)

Blood Film (Mycoplasma)

LFTs (Legionella)

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14
Q

How do Lobar/Bronchopneumonia differ on CXR?

A

Lobar - Single patch of consolidation

Broncho - Patchy consolidation

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15
Q

How would you assess the severity of Pneumonia?

A

CURB-65

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16
Q

How would you manage someone with Pneumonia?

A

Oxygen

IV Fluids

CPAP

Surgical Drainage

Antibiotics when stabilised

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17
Q

Which antibiotics would you use to treat the CAP?

A

Amoxicillin (+co-amoxiclav if severe)

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18
Q

How do you treat Atypical Pneumonia?

A

Clarithromycin

19
Q

How would you treat Staph-caused HAP?

A

Flucloxacillin + Gentamycin

20
Q

How would you treat MRSA?

A

Vancomycin

21
Q

What is Aspiration Pneumonia and how do you treat it?

A

Pneumonia caused by Anaerobes from Gut Flora

Metronidazole

22
Q

What are the main complications associated with Pneumonia?

A

Pleural Effusion

Pneumothorax

Lung Abscesses

Empyema

Sepsis

23
Q

What symptoms are classically associated with Lung Abscesses?

A

Swinging Fevers

Persistent Pneumonia

Foul-Smelling Sputum

24
Q

How does TB typically present?

A

Hx of Travel to TB-Region

FLAWS

Cough w/ green sputum

Haemoptysis

Lymphadenopathy

25
Q

What is Miliary TB?

A

Lymphohaematogenous Dissemination of TB

26
Q

What complications can TB cause?

A

Meningitis

Pleural Effusion

Pott’s Disease (TB of the Spinal Cord)

Epididymo-orchitis

Addison’s Disease

Erythema Nodosum

27
Q

How would you investigate a possible case of TB?

A

Sputum MCS - Ziehl-Neelsen Stain for acid-fast bacilli

CXR

Lymph Node Biopsy

Mantoux Test (Cannot distinguish between latent and active TB)

28
Q

What is Bronchiectasis?

A

Chronic Dilation of the airways alongside increased mucous production

29
Q

What are the causes of Bronchiectasis?

A

Cystic Fibrosis

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia (Kartagener’s)

Young’s Syndrome

30
Q

What is the Triad of Young’s Syndrome?

A

Bronchiectasis

Sinusitis

Infertility

31
Q

What is the classical triad of Kartagener’s Syndrome?

A

Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia

Sinusitis

Situs Inversus

32
Q

How does bronchiecstasis present?

A

Chronic Cough

Haemoptysis

SOB

Chest Pain

Fever

Weight Loss

33
Q

What are the signs of Bronchectasis?

A

Clubbing

Bibasal Crackles

34
Q

What are the main causes of Bibasal Crackles?

A

Pulmonary Oedema

Pneumonia

Bronchiectasis

Interstitial Pulmonary Fibrosis

35
Q

How would you diagnose Bronchectasis?

A

Recurrent Chest Infections

HR-CT (Signet Ring Sign)

36
Q

How do you manage Bronchiectasis?

A

Conservative: Exercise, Good Diet, Good Hydration

Drugs: Salbutamol, ABx (Prophylactic), Vaccinations

37
Q

What is the relative frequency of the different types of Lung Cancers?

A

Small Cell (15%)

Non-Small cell (85%):

  • Adeno
  • Squamous Cell
  • Large Cell
38
Q

What are the typical presenting symptoms of Lung Cancer?

A

Cough

FLAWS

Horner’s Syndrome (Apical Tumour)

SVC Obstruction

Remember SIADH

39
Q

Where does Lung Cancer typically metastasise?

A

Bone

Brain

Liver

Lymphadenopathy

40
Q

How would you investigate Lung Cancer?

A

CXR

Sputum Cytology

Bronchoscopy & Biopsy

Ca, ALP, LFT - Check for Mets

CT, PET, MRI (Staging)

41
Q

What would you observe on the CXR of someone with primary Lung Cancer?

A

Consolidation

Bi-Hilar Lymphadenopathy

Upper Lobe Scarring

Cavitating Lesions

Pleural Effusions

42
Q

What is Mesothelioma?

A

Malignant neoplasm of mesothelial cells of the pleura.

Exposure to Asbestos

43
Q

How does Mesothelioma typically present?

A

Dry Cough

SOB

FLAWS

Pleural Friction Rub

44
Q

How would you investigate a suspected Mesothelioma?

A

CXR

CT Chest

Pleural Fluid Cytology

Year 3 - MedEd Lectures (29 decks)

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