Infectious Diseases 1 Flashcards

1
Q

How does an HSV-1 infection present?

A

Gingivostomatitis

Cold Sores

Eczema Herpeticum

Meningitis, Encephalitis

Herpetic Whitlow

Keratoconjunctivitis

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2
Q

How does HSV 2 present?

A

Genital Herpes

Flu-Like prodrome

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3
Q

How should you manage Herpes?

A

Topical, Oral or IV Acyclovir

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4
Q

How can Varicella Zoster infection present?

A

Chickenpox - Malaise, Pyrexia, Pruritic vesicular rash

Shingles - Dermatomal Tingling, followed by painful skin lesions.

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5
Q

How should you manage Chickenpox?

A

Children - Calamine Lotion, Analgesia, Antihistamines

Adults - Acyclovir

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6
Q

How should you manage Shingles?

A

1) Valaciclovir, Famciclovir
2) Aciclovir

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7
Q

How does an EBV infection present?

A

Infectious Mononucleosis

Fever

Hepatosplenomegaly

Pharyngitis

Lymphadenopathy

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8
Q

How might you investigate a suspected case of Infectious Mononucleosis?

A

FBC/Blood Film - Atypical lymphocytosis

Heterophile Antibodies - Monospot Test

EBV specific Antibodies

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9
Q

How should you manage mono?

A

Supportive - NSAIDs/Analgesia

Corticosteroids in severe cases

Don’t use Amoxicillin

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10
Q

What are the phases of HIV infection?

A

Seroconversion - Flu-like

Early/Asymptomatic - Seem well

AIDS

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11
Q

What causes many of the presenting symptoms of AIDS?

A

Complications due to low levels of CD4+ T Cells

Infections by other organisms

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12
Q

What is Hairy Leukoplasia?

A

EBV Mediated infection seen in HIV-+ve patients, causing a white, irregular, painless plaque on the tongue.

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13
Q

What is Candidiasis?

A

Fungal Infection caused by Candida albicans

Thrush

Common in the Immunocompromised

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14
Q

What are the main forms of Candidiasis that can arrive?

A

Oral (Immunocompromised)

Vulvovaginitis (Diabetes, ABx)

Diaper Rash

Infective Endocarditis (IV Drug Users)

Disseminated

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15
Q

How should you manage Candidiasis?

A

Oral - Miconazole and Nystatin

Systemic - Amphotericin B

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16
Q

Which tumours are associated with HIV?

A

Kaposi’s Sarcoma - Pink/Purple patch on the skin or mouth. AIDS defining condition

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Lymphoma

17
Q

How should you investigate a suspected case of HIV?

A

ELISA - Western Blot

HIV Rapid Test

CD4 Count for staging

Serum Viral Load

18
Q

How is HIV investigated in infants?

A

Serum HIV DNA PCR

19
Q

What are the most common causes of Tonsilitis?

A

Rhinovirus

Coronavirus

Adenovirus

Bacterial - Group A strep, M. pneumoniae, N. gonorrhoea

20
Q

What is the most common cause of the Common Cold?

A

Rhinoviruses

21
Q

What is an Abscess?

A

Collection of pus built up in a tissue, organ or confined space walled off by fibrosis.

Usually caused by a bacterial infection.

22
Q

How do patients with Abscesses typically present?

A

Systemically UNwell

Swinging Fever

Pain

Red, hot, erythemic

23
Q

How should you manage an Abscess?

A

Aspiration

Incision and Drainage

Abx if severe