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nsg106 > Values, Beliefs, and Caring > Flashcards

Values, Beliefs, and Caring Flashcards

1
Q

A belief is

A

mental representation of reality or a person’s perceptions about what is right (correct), true, or real, or what the person expects to happen in a given situation

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2
Q

Values are

A

enduring ideas about what a person considers is the good, the best, and the “right” thing to do and their opposites—the bad, worst, and wrong things to do—and about what is desirable or has worth in life

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3
Q

Values determine the importance and worth of

A

an idea, a belief, an object, or a behavior

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4
Q

First-order beliefs serve as

A

the foundation or an individual’s belief system

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5
Q

People begin developing first-order beliefs about what is correct, real, and true in

A

early childhood directly through experiences and indirectly from information shared by authority figures, such as parents or teachers

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6
Q

People continue to develop first-order beliefs into adulthood through

A

direct experiences and the acquisition of knowledge from a vast number of sources with various degrees of expertise and levels of influence

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7
Q

First-order beliefs are derived from

A
  • Life experiences
  • Respected authorities
  • Parents or caregivers
  • Culture
  • Ethnicity
  • Education
  • Religion
  • Spirituality
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8
Q

First-Order Beliefs Purposes

A
  • Provide basic information about what is real or true
  • Indicate what a person expects on the basis of information shared or obtained from others
  • Are the foundation for the formation of all other beliefs
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9
Q

Higher-order beliefs are ideas derived from

A

person’s first-order beliefs, using either inductive or deductive reasoning

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10
Q

In the process of learning, people form

A

generalizations

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11
Q

When generalizations are treated as if they are always true, they are called

A

stereotypes

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12
Q

A stereotype is a

A

conceptualized depiction of a person, a group, or an event that is thought to be typical of all others in that category

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13
Q

problem with stereotypes is that sometimes people use stereotypes to rationalize

A

personal biases or prejudices

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14
Q

prejudice is

A

a preformed opinion, usually an unfavorable one, about an entire group of people that is based on insufficient knowledge, irrational feelings, or inaccurate stereotypes.

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15
Q

values system is

A

a set of somewhat consistent values and measures that are organized hierarchically into a belief system on a continuum of relative importance

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16
Q

A values system helps the person

A

choose between alternatives, resolve values conflicts, and make decisions

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17
Q

Values clarification is

A

therapeutic process that allows individuals to consider, clarify, and prioritize their personal values

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18
Q

Nurses can use values clarification to help patients ______ …

A

identify the nature of a conflict and reach a decision based on their values

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19
Q

While helping patients with values clarification and care decisions, nurses must be aware of

A

potential influence of their professional nursing role on patient decision-making

20
Q

Patients listen to or do not listen to, trust or mistrust, and act on or ignore information provided by

A

members of the health care team on the basis of their previous experiences and, sometimes, stereotypes or prejudices.

21
Q

paradigm is

A

worldview

22
Q

As nurses learn about their discipline, their paradigm gradually changes to one based on

A

body of knowledge that focuses on scientific principles

23
Q

Caring is defined as

A

having concern or regard for another and is conceptualized as a human trait, a moral imperative, an affect, the nurse–patient interpersonal relationship, and a therapeutic intervention

24
Q

Madeline Leininger: Theory of Cultural Care Diversity and Universality

A

(1) care is a central unifying focus of nursing;
(2) a cure cannot occur without caring;
(3) culture is embedded in all aspects of one’s being; and
(4) culturally congruent care promotes health and well-being

25
Q

according to Madeline Leininger three nursing actions focus on finding ways to provide culturally congruent care

A

(1) preserving or maintaining the patient’s cultural health practices
(2) accommodating, adapting, or adjusting health care practices for culturally congruent care
(3) culture care repatterning or restructuring of professional actions and health care decisions as mutually established by the patient and nurse

26
Q

Jean Watson: Theory of Human Caring Ten Caritas

A
  • Practicing loving-kindness and equanimity within context of caring consciousness.
  • Being authentically present and enabling, and sustaining the deep belief system and subjective life world of self and the one being cared for.
  • Cultivating one’s own spiritual practices and transpersonal self, going beyond ego self.
  • Developing and sustaining a helping-trusting, authentic caring relationship.
  • Being present to and supportive of the expression of positive and negative feelings.
  • Creatively using self and all ways of knowing as part of the caring process; engaging in artistry of caring-healing practices.
  • Engaging in genuine teaching-learning experience that attends to wholeness and meaning, attempting to stay within other’s frame of reference.
  • Creating healing environment at all levels, whereby wholeness, beauty, comfort, dignity, and peace are potentiated.
  • Assisting with basic needs, with an intentional caring consciousness, administering “human care essentials,” which potentiate alignment of mind-body-spirit, wholeness in all aspects of care.
  • Opening and attending to mysterious dimensions of one’s life-death; soul care for self and the one being cared for; “allowing and being open to miracles.”
27
Q

Kristen Swanson: Theory of Caring five caring processes

A

being understood (knowing)
feeling valued (being with)
feeling hopeful (maintaining belief)
feeling capable (enabling)
and feeling safe and comforted (doing for)

28
Q

Anne Boykin and Savina Schoenhofer: Theory of Nursing as Caring six attributes of caring

A

compassion
competence
conscience
confidence
commitment
comportment (behavior)

29
Q

most essential behaviors include to caring in nurse–patient relationship

A

compassion, presence, touch, and active listening

30
Q

Compassion is

A

the force that impels and empowers one to recognize, acknowledge, and act to alleviate human suffering

31
Q

Sympathy means

A

to have pity for another’s situation

32
Q

empathy refers to

A

the ability to understand or share the feelings of another

33
Q

Compassion is both an

A

outcome and a process

34
Q

Factors associated with compassion include

A

attentiveness, listening, confronting, involvement, helping, presence, and understanding

35
Q

The nurse’s ability to develop and display compassion may be influenced by

A

nurse’s knowledge and expertise; nurse, patient, and organizational cultures; and prior experiences regarding compassion

36
Q

Nursing presence is defined as

A

the shared perception of human connectedness between a nurse and a patient

37
Q

Theory of Nurse Presence identifies five components to nurse presence:

A

individual nurse characteristics, individual patient characteristics

shared characteristics within the nurse-patient pair

environmental characteristics reflective of relational work

the nurse’s intentional decision to engage in practice

38
Q

Touch is

A

the intentional contact between two or more people

39
Q

Touch can also be viewed as an intervention, such as

A

healing touch
therapeutic touch

40
Q

Task-Oriented Touch is

A

performing nursing interventions, such as giving a bath, changing dressings, suctioning an endotracheal tube, giving an injection, starting an intravenous (IV) line, or inserting a nasogastric (NG) tube.

41
Q

Caring touch is

A

valuable means of nonverbal communication

42
Q

touch can be perceived as

A

being intrusive or, at times, hostile by some patients, such as those who are confused or suspicious, abused, aggressive, and those under the influence of drugs or alcohol

43
Q

Those who provide care to others are at risk for developing _________ ___________

A

compassion fatigue

44
Q

Active listening is

A

specific communication technique in which one fully concentrates on what the other is saying in a conscious effort to fully understand the other

45
Q

Compassion fatigue is

A

characterized by physical and emotional exhaustion and an extreme inability to empathize

46
Q

Compassion fatigue may result in feelings of

A

vulnerability, anxiety, depression, and anger

nsg106 (17 decks)

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