communication yoost Flashcards
The elements of the communication process include
referent
sender
receiver
message
channel
feedback
referent is
event or thought initiating the communication
channel is
method of communication
feedback is
response of the receiver
Modes Of Communication
verbal communication
non verbal communication
93% of communication is
A. verbal
B. nonverbal
nonverbal
how is body language conveyed?
Posture, stance, gait, facial expressions, eye movements, touch, gestures, appearance
If a patient sits with crossed legs or arms during an educational interaction with the nurse, the patient may be indicating a
lack of openness to or acceptance of the information being shared
The anthropologist Edward Hall developed the theory of
proxemics
proxemics is
study of the spatial requirements of humans and animals
proxemics distances and what they are
intimate space (0–1.5 feet)
personal space (1.5–4 feet)
social space (4–12 feet)
public space (12 feet or more)
Spoken words may be emphasized through
tone, volume, and the rhythm or rate of speech
Nurses engage in four basic types of professional communication:
intrapersonal, interpersonal, small-group, and public communication
Intrapersonal communication focuses on
personal needs and can influence a person’s well-being
Interpersonal communication takes place between
two or more people
and it may or may not have a stated goal or purpose
Interprofessional Communication is
communication among various members of the interdisciplinary health care team
SBAR stands for
situation, background, assessment, and recommendation
Ethical Implications is
maintaining the patient’s right to privacy to ensure that the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) regulations are met
Professional role boundaries define
limits and responsibilities of individuals in a given setting
Communication in small groups focuses on
meeting established goals or the needs of group participants
Bruce Tuckman identified five phases of group development which are
forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning
During the forming phase, group members
rely heavily on the leader to identify the mission and goals of the group
The storming phase of small-group development may involve
personality conflicts among the group participants
Increased trust and openness emerge during the ______ phase
norming
Interdependence emerges during the _________ phase
A.forming
B.storming
C. preforming
performing
The ______ phase takes place as the small group disperses, having achieved the group’s goals
adjourning
helping relationship develops through ongoing, purposeful interaction between a ________ and a _______.
nurse, patient.
Phases of the Helping Relationship
orientation or introductory
working
termination
nursing diagnoses commonly related to communication concerns include the following
- Impaired Verbal Communication
- Powerlessness
- Risk for Powerlessness
- Social Isolation
- Situational Low Self-Esteem
- Anxiety
- Fear
During the _______ phase, goals or outcome statements and nursing interventions are developed
A.orientation
B.working
C.termination
working
Factors Affecting the Timing of Patient Communication
Pain or Anxiety
Location and Distractions
Essential Components of Professional Nursing Communication
Respect
Assertiveness
Collaboration
Delegation
Advocacy
Assertiveness in professional nursing communication means
ability to express ideas and concerns clearly while respecting the thoughts of others
Social communication most often occurs among individuals
who know each other or who are getting to know each other informally
social communication involves
mutual sharing of ideas
give advice
verbalize opinions
make judgments on the behavior of others
The primary focus of therapeutic communication between a patient and nurse is
patient
SOLER during active communication stands for
S encourages the listener to sit facing the patient
O reminds the nurse to maintain an open stance or posture while listening
L suggests that the listener lean toward the speaker, positioning the body in an open stance.
E refers to maintaining eye contact without staring
R reminds the nurse to relax.
Verbal Techniques for Initiating and Encouraging Communication
Offering self
Offering self
Sharing observations
Giving information
Using open-ended questions or comments
Using focused questions or comments
Providing general leads
Conveying acceptance
Using humor
Verbalizing the implied
Paraphrasing or restating communication content
Reflecting feelings or emotions
Seeking clarification
Summarizing
Validating
Nonverbal Techniques for Facilitating Communication
Active listening
Therapeutic touch
Nontherapeutic communication is
hurtful and potentially damaging to interaction
When individuals are under extreme stress or unable to comprehend and cope with the reality of a situation, they may use
defense mechanisms
Nontherapeutic Communication examples
Asking “why” questions
Using closed-ended questions or comments
Changing the subject
Giving false reassurance
Giving advice
Giving stereotypical or generalized responses
Showing approval or disapproval
Showing agreement or disagreement
Engaging in excessive self-disclosure or comparing the experiences of others
Comparing patient experiences
Using personal terms of endearment
Being defensive
Defense mechanism includes
Compensation
Denial
displacement
introjection
projection
rationalization
regression
repression
sublimation
suppression
When communicating with a hearing-impaired patient
make sure the area is well lit
as little background noise as possible
Raising the voice level slightly
speaking clearly
Stay within 3 to 6 feet
Consistent affirmative answers from hearing-impaired patients to the nurse’s questions may be an indication that
the patient is not hearing or understanding the information being shared
Communication with a semicomatose or postoperative patient still partially anesthetized may be realized through
physical touch and hand squeezing and by observing for nonverbal signs
If the patient grimaces when touched or moved or responds when asked to squeeze the nurse’s hand, communication is
established
Quadriplegic patients who have a tracheostomy or who are on a ventilator may use ______ _______ and a variety of _________ or _____ ___________ to communicate
electronic devices
gestures
eye movements
Defense mechanism: compensation
Using personal strengths or abilities to overcome feelings of inadequacy
Defense mechanism: denial
Refusing to admit the reality of a situation or feeling
Defense mechanism: displacement
Transferring emotional energy away from an actual source of stress to an unrelated person or object
Defense mechanism: introjection
Taking on certain characteristics of another individual’s personality
Defense mechanism: projection
Attributing undesirable feelings to another person
Defense mechanism: rationalization
Denying true motives for an action by identifying a more socially acceptable explanation
Defense mechanism: regression
Reverting to behaviors consistent with earlier stages of development
Defense mechanism: repression
Storing painful or hostile feelings in the unconscious, causing them to be temporarily forgotten
Defense mechanism: sublimation
Rechanneling unacceptable impulses into socially acceptable activities
Defense mechanism: suppression
Choosing not to think consciously about unpleasant feelings
