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nsg106 > pain management yoost > Flashcards

pain management yoost Flashcards

1
Q

what is pain thershold

A

lowest intensity at which the brain recognizes the stimulus as pain

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2
Q

bradykinin Definition and Function

A

A peptide produced in the blood that mediates the inflammatory response and stimulates pain receptors

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3
Q

substance p Definition and Function

A

Neuropeptide that transports pain impulses from the periphery to the central nervous system

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4
Q

Histamine Definition and Function

A

An amine released by immune cells in response to inflammation

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5
Q

Serotonin Definition and Function

A

A neurotransmitter released from the brainstem and dorsal horn that inhibits pain transmission

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6
Q

Cytokines Definition and Function

A

Proteins secreted by immune system cells that control inflammation

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7
Q

Calcium, sodium, and potassium ions Definition and Function

A

Molecules that activate nerve endings (synapses), which respond to painful stimuli by changing ionic movement into and out of nerve cells

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8
Q

ProstaglandinsDefinition and Function

A

Hormone-like compounds derived from fatty acids that are thought to increase sensitivity to pain by stimulating pain receptors on neurons

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9
Q

Physical assessment of the patient with pain begins with

A

vital sign assessment

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10
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Cardiovascular system

A

Increased heart rate and force of contraction in acute pain
Increased systolic blood pressure in acute pain
Decreased systolic blood pressure in prolonged pain or chronic pain
Decreased pulse in prolonged pain or chronic pain
Increased myocardial oxygen demand
Increased vascular resistance
Hypercoagulation
Chest pain

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11
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Respiratory

A

Increased respiratory rate
Increased bronchospasms
Pneumonia
Atelectasis

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12
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Gastrointestinal system

A

Delayed gastric emptying
Decreased intestinal motility
Constipation
Anorexia
Weight loss

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13
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Musculoskeletal

A

Muscle spasms
Increased muscle tension
Impaired mobility
Weakness
Fatigue

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14
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Endocrine system

A

Fever
Shock

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15
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Genitourinary system

A

Decreased urine output
Urinary retention
Fluid overload
Hypokalemia

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16
Q

Clinical Manifestations of Sensory system

A

Pallor
Diaphoresis
Dilated pupils in acute pain
Constricted pupils in deep or prolonged pain
Rapid speech in acute pain
Slow speech in deep or prolonged pain

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17
Q

Clinical Manifestations of immune system

A

Impaired immune function
Infection

18
Q

nursing diagnoses directly associated with pain include: Acute Pain

A

Supporting Data: Red and edematous areas on face, chest, arms, and hands from burned skin, reports pain of 10 of 10, requests pain medication

19
Q

nursing diagnoses directly associated with pain include:Chronic Pain

A

Supporting Data: Edema of joints, painful mobility, inability to manage activities of daily living, feelings of helplessness

20
Q

nursing diagnoses directly associated with pain include: Difficulty Coping

A

Supporting Data: Severe pain, inability to ask for help, lack of appetite, poor concentration

21
Q

Complementary and Alternative Pain Therapies

A

Herbal remedies

Yoga

Biofeedback

Meditation

Aromatherapy

Hypnosis

Reiki and therapeutic touch

Traditional Chinese medicine
Acupuncture
Acupressure
Cupping

22
Q

Biofeedback is

A

Taking control of body responses to pain is achieved through voluntary control over physiologic body activities, such as relieving muscle tension

23
Q

Aromatherapy is

A

Breathing the fragrance of essential oils that contain oxygenating molecules can help transport nutrients to the cells in the body

24
Q

Reiki and therapeutic touch is

A

Hand placement to correct or balance energy fields restores health by restoring communication between cells, thereby diminishing pain

25
Q

Acupuncture is

A

The insertion of fine needles into the skin at various depths causes secretion of endorphins and interferes with transmission of pain impulses.

26
Q

Acupressure is

A

The application of pressure at acupuncture sites interferes with transmission of pain impulses

27
Q

Cupping is

A

The application of plastic or glass cups with suction over muscle areas increases local circulation and promotes muscle relaxation and pain reduction

28
Q

Cryotherapy is

A

Application of cold

29
Q

Thermotherapy is

A

Application of heat decreases pain by producing local analgesia, dilating blood vessels, and improving functioning. Examples of heat therapy are hot compresses, heating pads, and sitz baths.

30
Q

Cordotomy is

A

Surgical procedure in which pain-conducting tracts in the spinal cord are disabled to diminish severe pain and cancer pain

31
Q

Neurectomy is

A

Surgical removal of a nerve or a section of nerves to treat chronic pain when other treatments fail.

32
Q

Rhizotomy is

A

Surgery to sever nerve roots in the spinal cord for neuromuscular conditions such as spastic cerebral palsy and back pain.

33
Q

Sympathectomy is

A

Surgical dissection of nerve tissue of the sympathetic nervous system in the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spine to disrupt signals to the brain

34
Q

Adjuvant medications, coanalgesic medications

A

work synergistically with standard pain medications to enhance pain relief and to treat side effects of the medication

35
Q

Palliative Care is same as

A

hospice care

36
Q

which herb has pain-relieving properties
select all that apply
senna
ginger
rosehips
aloe vera
black cohosh

A

ginger
rosehips
aloe vera
black cohosh

37
Q

in acute pain, the patient’s heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure ________ due to a response by the_____ nervous system

A

in acute pain, the patient’s heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure increase above the patient’s normal baseline due to a response by the sympathetic nervous system

38
Q

the parasympathetic nervous system responds with a ________in the systolic blood pressure and a________ in the pulse rate

A

decrease, decrease

39
Q

naloxone is used for

A

drug overdose

40
Q

nonopioid pain medication include

A

acetaminophen and ibuprofen and aspirin

41
Q

acetaminophen max daily dosage

A

3000mg

nsg106 (17 decks)

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