pain management yoost

Question 1

what is pain thershold

Answer 1

lowest intensity at which the brain recognizes the stimulus as pain

Question 2

bradykinin Definition and Function

Answer 2

A peptide produced in the blood that mediates the inflammatory response and stimulates pain receptors

Question 3

substance p Definition and Function

Answer 3

Neuropeptide that transports pain impulses from the periphery to the central nervous system

Question 4

Histamine Definition and Function

Answer 4

An amine released by immune cells in response to inflammation

Question 5

Serotonin Definition and Function

Answer 5

A neurotransmitter released from the brainstem and dorsal horn that inhibits pain transmission

Question 6

Cytokines Definition and Function

Answer 6

Proteins secreted by immune system cells that control inflammation

Question 7

Calcium, sodium, and potassium ions Definition and Function

Answer 7

Molecules that activate nerve endings (synapses), which respond to painful stimuli by changing ionic movement into and out of nerve cells

Question 8

ProstaglandinsDefinition and Function

Answer 8

Hormone-like compounds derived from fatty acids that are thought to increase sensitivity to pain by stimulating pain receptors on neurons

Question 9

Physical assessment of the patient with pain begins with

Answer 9

vital sign assessment

Question 10

Clinical Manifestations of Cardiovascular system

Answer 10

Increased heart rate and force of contraction in acute pain
Increased systolic blood pressure in acute pain
Decreased systolic blood pressure in prolonged pain or chronic pain
Decreased pulse in prolonged pain or chronic pain
Increased myocardial oxygen demand
Increased vascular resistance
Hypercoagulation
Chest pain

Question 11

Clinical Manifestations of Respiratory

Answer 11

Increased respiratory rate
Increased bronchospasms
Pneumonia
Atelectasis

Question 12

Clinical Manifestations of Gastrointestinal system

Answer 12

Delayed gastric emptying
Decreased intestinal motility
Constipation
Anorexia
Weight loss

Question 13

Clinical Manifestations of Musculoskeletal

Answer 13

Muscle spasms
Increased muscle tension
Impaired mobility
Weakness
Fatigue

Question 14

Clinical Manifestations of Endocrine system

Answer 14

Fever
Shock

Question 15

Clinical Manifestations of Genitourinary system

Answer 15

Decreased urine output
Urinary retention
Fluid overload
Hypokalemia

Question 16

Clinical Manifestations of Sensory system

Answer 16

Pallor
Diaphoresis
Dilated pupils in acute pain
Constricted pupils in deep or prolonged pain
Rapid speech in acute pain
Slow speech in deep or prolonged pain

Question 17

Clinical Manifestations of immune system

Answer 17

Impaired immune function
Infection

Question 18

nursing diagnoses directly associated with pain include: Acute Pain

Answer 18

Supporting Data: Red and edematous areas on face, chest, arms, and hands from burned skin, reports pain of 10 of 10, requests pain medication

Question 19

nursing diagnoses directly associated with pain include:Chronic Pain

Answer 19

Supporting Data: Edema of joints, painful mobility, inability to manage activities of daily living, feelings of helplessness

Question 20

nursing diagnoses directly associated with pain include: Difficulty Coping

Answer 20

Supporting Data: Severe pain, inability to ask for help, lack of appetite, poor concentration

Question 21

Complementary and Alternative Pain Therapies

Answer 21

Herbal remedies

Yoga

Biofeedback

Meditation

Aromatherapy

Hypnosis

Reiki and therapeutic touch

Traditional Chinese medicine
Acupuncture
Acupressure
Cupping

Question 22

Biofeedback is

Answer 22

Taking control of body responses to pain is achieved through voluntary control over physiologic body activities, such as relieving muscle tension

Question 23

Aromatherapy is

Answer 23

Breathing the fragrance of essential oils that contain oxygenating molecules can help transport nutrients to the cells in the body

Question 24

Reiki and therapeutic touch is

Answer 24

Hand placement to correct or balance energy fields restores health by restoring communication between cells, thereby diminishing pain

Question 25

Acupuncture is

Answer 25

The insertion of fine needles into the skin at various depths causes secretion of endorphins and interferes with transmission of pain impulses.

Question 26

Acupressure is

Answer 26

The application of pressure at acupuncture sites interferes with transmission of pain impulses

Question 27

Cupping is

Answer 27

The application of plastic or glass cups with suction over muscle areas increases local circulation and promotes muscle relaxation and pain reduction

Question 28

Cryotherapy is

Answer 28

Application of cold

Question 29

Thermotherapy is

Answer 29

Application of heat decreases pain by producing local analgesia, dilating blood vessels, and improving functioning. Examples of heat therapy are hot compresses, heating pads, and sitz baths.

Question 30

Cordotomy is

Answer 30

Surgical procedure in which pain-conducting tracts in the spinal cord are disabled to diminish severe pain and cancer pain

Question 31

Neurectomy is

Answer 31

Surgical removal of a nerve or a section of nerves to treat chronic pain when other treatments fail.

Question 32

Rhizotomy is

Answer 32

Surgery to sever nerve roots in the spinal cord for neuromuscular conditions such as spastic cerebral palsy and back pain.

Question 33

Sympathectomy is

Answer 33

Surgical dissection of nerve tissue of the sympathetic nervous system in the cervical, thoracic, or lumbar spine to disrupt signals to the brain

Question 34

Adjuvant medications, coanalgesic medications

Answer 34

work synergistically with standard pain medications to enhance pain relief and to treat side effects of the medication

Question 35

Palliative Care is same as

Answer 35

hospice care

Question 36

which herb has pain-relieving properties select all that apply senna ginger rosehips aloe vera black cohosh

Answer 36

ginger rosehips aloe vera black cohosh

Question 37

in acute pain, the patient’s heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure ________ due to a response by the_____ nervous system

Answer 37

in acute pain, the patient’s heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure increase above the patient’s normal baseline due to a response by the sympathetic nervous system

Question 38

the parasympathetic nervous system responds with a ________in the systolic blood pressure and a________ in the pulse rate

Answer 38

decrease, decrease

Question 39

naloxone is used for

Answer 39

drug overdose

Question 40

nonopioid pain medication include

Answer 40

acetaminophen and ibuprofen and aspirin

Question 41

acetaminophen max daily dosage

Answer 41

3000mg