medication administarion power point Flashcards
a drug is
any substance that alters physiologic function
A medication is a
drug specifically administered for its therapeutic effect on physiologic function
The official name of medication is called
generic name
The name the manufacturer gives to the drug it makes is the
trade name
Examples of generic name and trade name:
generic: name ibuprofen trade name: Motrin, Advil, Nuprin
Controlled Substances Act (CSA)established five categories of scheduled drugs
schedule I
schedule II
schedule III
schedule IV
schedule V
schedule VI
schedule I has
no current legal medical use/ high risk for abuse
schedule II
restricted but legal medical use/ high risk for abuse
schedule III, schedule IV, and schedule V
accepted legal medical use/ low risk for abuse
schedule VI
over the counter availability legal without prescription
Pharmacokinetics
how a medication enters thebody, moves through the body, and leaves the body
Pharmacodynamics
process in which a medication interacts with the body’s cells to produce a response
Absorption
passage of a drug from the administration site into the bloodstream
Distribution
: process of delivering the medication to tissues and organs > to the specificsite of action
Metabolism
process by which a drug is altered to a less active form to prepare for excretion
Excretion
removes the less active drug or its metabolites (usually through kidneys)
Half-life
expected time it takes for theblood concentration to measure one-half ofthe original drug dose
Onset
the time the body takes to respondto a drug after administration
Peak
the highest serum (blood)concentration
Trough
the lowest serum (blood) level ofthe medication
Side effects
predicted but unwanted (although sometimes unavoidable) reactions to medications
Adverse effects
severe, unintended, unwanted, and unpredictable drug reactions
Toxic effects
result from a medication overdose or buildup of medication in the blood
Allergic reactions
unpredictable immune responses to medication
Anaphylactic reaction
severe allergic reaction, requires emergency response
Medication interactions
occur when the drug action is modified by the presence of acertain food, herb, or other medication
Synergistic effect
the combined effect is GREATER due to the interaction
Antagonistic effect
the effect is LESSER due to the interaction
DIVERSITY CONSIDERATIONS
Life Span
Gender
Culture, Ethnicity, and Religion
Gender differences include
Differences in body weight, plasma volume, cardiac output, and hormones have an impact on drug metabolism and clearance
cultural ethnicity and religion differences include
Genetic factors can affect drug metabolism and influence therapeutic effect
Research suggests that medication adherence is lower among those in lower socioeconomic status and minorities
Some cultures discourage medications in place of natural remedies
MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION RECORD (MAR)
Includes the patient’s name, the full name of the medication, administration time, dose, route, frequency, and site (for parental medications)
Shows the record of administration for each drug, including all the above information plus who administered
Before a nurse gives a medication, they should know WHY that medication is being administered
SAFETY BEFORE GIVING MEDICATIONS
- Verify order
- Wash hands
- Gather equipment
- Identify client with armband AND by asking the patient their name and DOB
- Explain procedure
- Elevate bed to working level
THINGS TO KNOW ABOUT EACH MEDICATION
- Name
- Class
- Action
- Dose
- Expected effect
- Side effects
ROUTES OF MEDICATIONS
Enteral
Topical
Inhalation
Parental
Enteral route of medication
Oral: by mouth
Buccal: against the cheek
Sublingual: under the tongue
Topical route of medication
skin or mucous membranes
Inhalation route of medication
breathed into lungs
Parental route of medication
administered directly into vein or tissue
oral medication abbreviation
po
oral medication have
Slower onset of action than parental medications
in oral medication, the nurse is responsible to ensure all medications are
swallowed
Sublingual/buccal oral routes are used for absorbing
small amounts of medication through the oral mucosa
topical medications are applied to
specific skin surface or mucous membrane
topical medications include liquids, ____, ____, ____, ____
Liquids, ointments, eye-drops, ear drops, throat spray
when giving topical medications you have to
wear gloves
parental medications are administered by injection to
injection into tissue, muscle, or a vein
Intradermal injection is
shallow injection into the dermal layer
Subcutaneous injection is
injection into the subcutaneous tissue just below the skin
Intramuscular (IM) injection is
injection into a muscle
Intravenous (IV) injection is
injection or infusion directly into the bloodstream via a vein
The nurse is ACCOUNTABLE and RESPONSIBLE for _____ administration of medications
safe
The nurse should follow only ____ orders
written
when is it ok for the nurse to follow nonwritten orders
emergent situation, where verbal orders may be used
The nurse uses clinical judgment to evaluate whether the medication
amount prescribed, and route are safe for the patient
The nurse must understand the ______, _____ _____, ______, and ____ _____ of the medication they are giving.
purpose, typical dosage, route and side effect
ALWAYS PERFORM _____ MEDICATION CHECKS AND CHECK _____ _____ EACH TIME
three, all rights
THREE CHECKS OF MEDICATION SAFETY ARE
- When you RETRIEVE the drug from the PYXIS, compare the medication to the MAR
- As you PREPARE each drug, compare the medication label to the MAR
3.When you are at the patient’s BEDSIDE, compare the medication to the MAR
SIX RIGHTS OF MEDICATION SAFETY
PATIENT
DRUG
DOSE
ROUTE
TIME
DOCUMENTAION
RIGHT OF MEDICATION SAFETY: PATIENT
Two forms of identification (armband and patient identifying self or picture of patient)
RIGHT OF MEDICATION SAFETY: TIME
Know the policy for when you can give a medication
(many facilities it is up 1 hour before to 1 hour after)
RIGHT OF MEDICATION SAFETY: DRUG
Know policy on substituting generics
If patient questions drug, answer questions or hold if appropriate
RIGHT OF MEDICATION SAFETY: DOSE
Ensure you do not need to split pills or get two pills, etc.
RIGHT OF MEDICATION SAFETY: ROUTE
Cannot administer medications how they are not meant to be administered; must have order from provider to change route
RIGHT OF MEDICATION SAFETY: DOCUMENTATION
All other rights must be documented each time
Don’t document until the medication is taken by the patient
patient have the right to
The right to be informed of the name, purpose, and potential side effects of medications
refuse the medication
The right to have an accurate medication history taken by a qualified person
The right to receive medications in accordance with the Six Rights of medication administration
ASSESSMENT include
Drug history and current use
Medical history
Medication schedule
Medication response
Medication adherence
Medication safety
if medication error occurs you should check
Drug history and current use
* Medical history
* Medication schedule
* Medication response
* Medication adherence
* Medication safety
NURSING IMPLICATIONS are
Actions nurses must take related to a medication’s effects and side effects* Ex: if you are giving a medication to lower blood pressure, what kind of nursing implications would you have?
safe practises before administering medication
Check patient allergies BEFORE administering medication
Medications that CANNOT BE CRUSHED: enteric-coated, time-release, sublingual, buccal,and other medications with special coatings
Get questions answered BEFORE administering medication
When using metric doses, always place a zero in front of the decimal and make sure thereare never trailing zeros
