pain managment Flashcards
pain can be both ______ and _______
physical and emotional
is pain the same for everyone
no
the 4 steps of pain
transduction
transmission
modulation
perception
what is transduction
the site of pain
what is transmission in pain
transmitting the signal of pain to spinal cord
what is modulation
input to the spinal cord and from the brain
what is perception in pain
recognition
factors that can affect pain
development
phycological
cultural and religious
social and environment
past experiences
what are the four key pain theories called
specificity
sensory interaction
gate control
neuromatrix
acute pain
sudden or slow onset from mild to sever pain with predictable end, less than 6 months
chronic pain
sudden or slow onset from mild to sever, not predictable lasting more than 6 months
types of pain
nociceptive pain
visceral
samatic
referred
radiating
neuropathic
Psychangenic
cancer
breakthrough
nociceptive painis the
most common response to trauma
visceral pain
pain arriving from organs
samatic pain
results from injury to skin, muscles, and joints
referred pain
originates from one area but felt in another area
radiating pain
extends from source adjacent area of the body
neuropathic is when
transmission of a pain signal from site of injury to higher brain centers via nervous system
phantom pain
brain feel pain from ampulated area
psychangenic pain
preciver pain without physical cause
cancer pain
pain that stems from cancer or cancer treatment
breakthrough pain
spike in pain when chronic pain exist
when assessing pain what are 4 important things you must do
determine the current nature of the pain
review pain history and therapies
explore psychosocial, religious and cultoral factors
collaborate with client and other members of the healthcare team to plan effective treatment of pain
pain can be resulting from
physical injury
part of a disease
symptom of injure
emotional distress
mental factors acute pain
in acute pain anxiety increases severity of the pain experienced and reduces Indvidual ability to tolerate and cope with the pain
mental factors chronic pain
Individual with chronic pain are more likely to suffer from depression and fatigue and are more likely to attempt suicide
opioid drug treatment should be avoided in older adults or used with extreme caution due to
it having adverse effects and possible interaction with other medication
what are the psylogical pain indicators
sweating
pallor
possible increase in pulse, respiration and blood pressure
pain assessment questions
where is the pain
is it dull sharp stabbing
does it hurt now
is it growing
when did it start
is it persistent or does it come and go
what makes it worse/better
do you have any other symptoms with the pain
how bad is it on a scale of 1-10
do you have analgesic therapy
pain can be experinced as
crying moaning screaming
phycological responses to pain include
anxiety
fear
depression
anger
irritability
restlessness
hopelessness
if patient is angry fearfull or anxious priorites
physical needs
nonverbal indicators of pain
vocal complaints
demonstrated by moans groans grunts cries gasps sighs.
narrowed eyes, tightened lips, dropped jaw, clenched teeth
holding onto rails
restlessness
not staying still
rubbing affected area
vocal complaints
how is nonverbal pain indicators graded
by how often its seen or heard
what are the 4 surgical intervention for sever pain
cordotomy
neurectomy
sympathectomy
rhizotomy
complimintary treatment include
music therapy
-chiropractic therapy
Massage therapy
-keiki treatments
-medication/yoga
-positioning
-distraction
-acupuncture
-breathing/relaxation techniques
-guided imagery
it is always best to wait until client feel pain to give medication
false
patient lie about pain level
false
Ages gender emotions conjuctive function sociocultural factors and the ability to communicate may effect pain level
true
Damage and hyper sensitivity anywhere along pain path way can alter patient perception of pain
true
-neurologic injuries that result in permanent damage to the spinal cord prevent a person from feeling pain an areas below the level which spinal cord was injured or severed
true
Acute injury or tissue damage triggers physiological stress response, which may have adverse effects for the patient if left untreated
true
what are the pain medications
Opioid analgesics- narcotics
-morphine
-codeine sulfate
-oxycodone
-hydromorphone
-fentanyl
-propoxyphene
-antidote for acetaminophen
common side effects of pain medicine
sedation, disorientation, coma, constipation, respiratory, depression
pain therapy that involves insertion of thin needles into a specific body organ
acupuncture
which neruro transmitter transports pain impulses from the periphery to the central nervous system
substance p
