chapter 25 safety

Question 1

communicable diseases are transmitted by

Answer 1

usually through blood or body fluid exposure or through vectors such as insects and spores

Question 2

Poisoning can be

Answer 2

intentional or unintentional ingestion, inhalation, injection, or absorption through the skin of any substance harmful to the body

Question 3

Toxins are substances that can

Answer 3

poison or harm individuals or other living organisms through mechanisms such as ingestion, inhalation, and dermatologic exposure

Question 4

if Lead levels are greater than_____ the CDC recommends ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ___

Answer 4

When lead levels are greater than 5 mcg of lead/dL of blood, the CDC recommends initiation of public health actions

Question 5

lead poisoning occors when

Answer 5

lead levels build up in blood over months or years, and it can affect all body systems

Question 6

Carbon monoxide is

Answer 6

colorless, odorless gas that can cause sudden illness and death

Question 7

it is important to be educated in plants because some of them can be

Answer 7

poisonous or cause uncomfortable skin rashes

Question 8

Safe medication dosages for children are usually based on the number of

Answer 8

milligrams of drug per kilogram of body weight

Question 9

Common toxins found in the home include household chemicals such as

Answer 9

cleansers
adhesives
hair sprays
dyes
furniture polish
insect repellans
and gasolline

Question 10

Abuse is anything

Answer 10

offensive, harmful, or injurious to an individual that can pose a direct safety threat

Question 11

Bioterrorism is

Answer 11

is the release of biologic agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes with the intent to cause illness or kill people, animals, or plants

Question 12

Suffocation results when

Answer 12

air no longer reaches the lungs and respiration ceases

Question 13

physical restraint is

Answer 13

mechanical or physical device preventing free movement by the patient

Question 14

chemical restraint are

Answer 14

medication that is administered to a patient to control behavior

Question 15

Medication Administration Errors
is any

Answer 15

preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm

Question 16

Overexposure to radiation or radioactive materials used to diagnose and treat patients is

Answer 16

a health hazard of concern for patients and health care professionals

Question 17

Drug-Resistant Microorganisms are

Answer 17

microorganisms that have evolved strains that are resistant to common antibiotics

Question 18

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes_____ and is extrimly ________

Answer 18

skin and other organ infections and is extremely resistant to many antibiotics

Question 19

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is spread by

Answer 19

contact with the skin of an infected person or it can be spread by contact with infected objects

Question 20

An example of a procedural error is

Answer 20

the failure to properly identify a patient when entering a room to administer medication

Question 21

the nurse should inquire about causes of prior injuries and probe further into the topic when

Answer 21

safety issues are raised

Question 22

The assessment of fall risk should be completed on admission to establish

Answer 22

baseline of the individual’s fall risk

Question 23

The assessment should be repeated at least

Answer 23

on a daily basis or with any change in patient’s condition

Question 24

seven-item tool for fall risk assessment include

Answer 24

influence of advanced age; fall history; specific medication classes; patient care equipment that tethers; and mobility, cognitive, and elimination functions

Question 25

how to grade seven-item tool assessment

Answer 25

an overall summary score is calculated; the higher the score, the greater is the patient’s risk for falling

Question 26

The Morse Fall Scale include

Answer 26

(1) history of falling,
(2) existence of a secondary diagnosis,
(3) use of an ambulatory aid,
(4) use of an intravenous line or a saline lock,
(5) gait,
(6) mental status.

Question 27

Safety in the Home assessment questions

Answer 27

o you require human or mechanical assistance with any of the following: walking, toileting, bathing, dressing, grooming, and eating If yes, please describe the type of assistance you need.

Question 28

Poisoning assessment questions (ex:where do you store chemicals in your house)

Chemicals

Medications

Food

Answer 28

Chemicals: How do you store your household chemicals? Are they out of reach of children and pets?

Medications: Where are your medications stored? Are they out of reach of children or do they have childproof caps? Are any medications expired?

Food: Are leftover foods dated and placed in airtight containers? Is the refrigerator cleared of potentially spoiled items on a weekly basis? Are separate cutting surfaces used for cutting raw chicken, fish, and meats? Are meats refrigerated during marinating, and is excess marinade discarded before cooking?

Question 29

what are assessment questions for carbon monoxide?

Answer 29

Carbon monoxide: Do you experience unexplained headaches, dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, or any other flulike symptoms? Do you have a carbon monoxide detector in your home?

Question 30

Biohazards assessment quistions

Needles

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

Answer 30

Needles: Do you use hypodermic needles? How do you dispose of them?

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Do you have any open or inflamed areas on your skin?

Question 31

The Hendrich II Fall Risk Model include 8 risk factors which assess the fall risk of patients

Answer 31

(1) confusion/disorientation/impulsivity
(2) symptomatic depression
(3) altered elimination
(4) dizziness/vertigo
(5) gender
(6) use of antiepileptics
(7) use of benzodiazepines
(8) performance on the Get-Up-and-Go Test

Question 32

The Hendrich II Fall Risk Model is graded
0-5 if an Item is 0 ______ if an item is 5+ ______

Answer 32

an item is assigned a zero if it does not apply to the patient. If the total score is 5 or higher on the Hendrich II Fall Risk Model, the patient is at high risk for a fall

Question 33

according to Morse Fall scale history of fall is how many points

Answer 33

25

Question 34

according to morse fall scale if there is a secondary diagnosis how many points is that

Answer 34

15

Question 35

according to Morse fall scale if the patient uses ambulatory aid how many points is that

Answer 35

for furniture(ex: chair) 30
for crutches/cane/walker that’s 15

Question 36

according to Morse Fall scale if patent needs IV/heparin lock how many points is that

Answer 36

20

Question 37

according to Morse Fall scale if patent has mental status (forgets limitations) how many points is that

Answer 37

15

Question 38

morse fall scale points and there catogorys

Answer 38

high risk= 45+
moderate risk=25-44
low risk=0-24

Question 39

The nurse may also implement several safety interventions as part of discharge planning by

Answer 39

Educate the patient and family about the importance of removing clutter, throw rugs, cords, and obstacles from the floor and path of the patient

Collaborate with the social worker to identify community resources to install appropriate supportive equipment in the home

Educate the patient and family on the importance of and strategies for preventing children from gaining access to household poisons.

Collaborate with social services for the scheduling of periodic home safety inspections.

Educate the patient and family about the role of protective-equipment use in injury prevention when individuals are engaged in contact sports.

Collaborate with the social worker to identify community resources for obtaining inexpensive or free protective equipment.

Question 40

what does RACE stand for when there is a fire?

Answer 40

R:Rescue all patients in immediate danger and move them to safe areas

A:Activate the manual-pull station or fire alarm and have someone call 911

C:Contain the fire by closing doors, confining the fire, and preventing the spread of smoke

E:Extinguish the fire if possible after all patients are evacuated from the area

Question 41

To ensure fire safety, nurses should regularly check for faulty or loose

Answer 41

wiring or anything unusual

Question 42

brakes are always applied on

Answer 42

beds (unless transferring using bed)

Question 43

Alternatives to Physical Restraints

Answer 43

Orient the patient to the surroundings and explain all care-related interventions

Relocate the patient to a room near the nurses’ station.

Use pressure-sensitive and motion-sensitive bed and chair alarms consistently. Tabs and bed-check alarm systems can be used in the bed or chair

Ensure that alarms and sensors are properly placed and functioning and perform battery checks according to facility protocol

Encourage the family and significant others to spend time with the patient

Minimize environmental stimuli (e.g., noise, bright lights).

Provide distractions based on patient preferences (e.g., music, television, a doll to hold).

Provide complementary and alternative therapies:
Promote relaxation through gentle massage.
Use aromatherapy to relax the patient.

Assess for sources of agitation and ensure that the patient’s basic needs are met (e.g., food, fluids, toileting, pain or discomfort relief, sleep, ambulation).

Obtain an order for a 24-hour sitter (i.e., unlicensed assistive personnel [UAP]).

Cover or disguise tubes or drains with clothing or wrap intravenous sites with gauze so that they are kept out of the patient’s sight

Use untied, cloth-padded protective mitts on the patient’s hands to prevent the patient from removing tubes or drains

Question 44

physical restraints causes more ____ than ___ for the patient

Answer 44

harm than good

Question 45

if patient causes immediate threat of harm to self or other the nurse can apply_____ without an order from the primary care provider

Answer 45

restraint

but the order must be sought and the patient must be seen within an hour of application of the restraint

Question 46

Never tie a restraint in a knot because the knot

Answer 46

may prohibit a quick exit in the event of an emergency requiring evacuation.

Question 47

Restraints should never be tied to

Answer 47

side rails

Question 48

When all four side rails are raised, it is considered a form of

Answer 48

physical restraint

Question 49

When determining the best practices for preventing the spread of infection, the nurse should consider the

Answer 49

possible routes of transmission

Question 50

A break in sterile technique or contamination of a Foley catheter during insertion may result in a catheter-associated

Answer 50

urinary tract infection

Question 51

Routine checks of____ ______ _____________ __________ ______ ____ ____help prevent injuries caused by improper equipment maintenance

Answer 51

battery-operated equipment, along with testing and replacement, may be performed by nursing or clinical engineering staff, depending on equipment type

Question 52

When working with radiation diagnostics or treatments

Answer 52

preventive measures should be followed to avoid exposure

Question 53

Evaluation is an ongoing process that involves collaboration with the patient, family, and multiple health care professionals to keep patients safe in
____ ____ ____

Answer 53

health care agencies, community environments, and at home

Question 54

nurse is teaching parents how to handle poisoning in todlers

A. give large amount of water
B. call poison control center
C.give ipecac syrup
D.reprimand the child

Answer 54

B. call posion control center

Question 55

Infants should be placed in the ____ _____ for safe sleeping to decrease the likelihood of sudden infant death syndrome

Answer 55

supine position

Question 56

when considering the risk of fall in elderly patient the nurse should check

A. daily salt intake
B. regular exercise
C. conductive statue
D. propper illumination

Answer 56

D. propper illumination

Question 57

what is anxiolytic medicines?

Answer 57

chemical restraint that manage behavior by making patient calm and inducing sleep