chapter 25 safety Flashcards
communicable diseases are transmitted by
usually through blood or body fluid exposure or through vectors such as insects and spores
Poisoning can be
intentional or unintentional ingestion, inhalation, injection, or absorption through the skin of any substance harmful to the body
Toxins are substances that can
poison or harm individuals or other living organisms through mechanisms such as ingestion, inhalation, and dermatologic exposure
if Lead levels are greater than_____ the CDC recommends ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ ___
When lead levels are greater than 5 mcg of lead/dL of blood, the CDC recommends initiation of public health actions
lead poisoning occors when
lead levels build up in blood over months or years, and it can affect all body systems
Carbon monoxide is
colorless, odorless gas that can cause sudden illness and death
it is important to be educated in plants because some of them can be
poisonous or cause uncomfortable skin rashes
Safe medication dosages for children are usually based on the number of
milligrams of drug per kilogram of body weight
Common toxins found in the home include household chemicals such as
cleansers
adhesives
hair sprays
dyes
furniture polish
insect repellans
and gasolline
Abuse is anything
offensive, harmful, or injurious to an individual that can pose a direct safety threat
Bioterrorism is
is the release of biologic agents such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other microbes with the intent to cause illness or kill people, animals, or plants
Suffocation results when
air no longer reaches the lungs and respiration ceases
physical restraint is
mechanical or physical device preventing free movement by the patient
chemical restraint are
medication that is administered to a patient to control behavior
Medication Administration Errors
is any
preventable event that may cause or lead to inappropriate medication use or patient harm
Overexposure to radiation or radioactive materials used to diagnose and treat patients is
a health hazard of concern for patients and health care professionals
Drug-Resistant Microorganisms are
microorganisms that have evolved strains that are resistant to common antibiotics
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes_____ and is extrimly ________
skin and other organ infections and is extremely resistant to many antibiotics
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is spread by
contact with the skin of an infected person or it can be spread by contact with infected objects
An example of a procedural error is
the failure to properly identify a patient when entering a room to administer medication
the nurse should inquire about causes of prior injuries and probe further into the topic when
safety issues are raised
The assessment of fall risk should be completed on admission to establish
baseline of the individual’s fall risk
The assessment should be repeated at least
on a daily basis or with any change in patient’s condition
seven-item tool for fall risk assessment include
influence of advanced age; fall history; specific medication classes; patient care equipment that tethers; and mobility, cognitive, and elimination functions
how to grade seven-item tool assessment
an overall summary score is calculated; the higher the score, the greater is the patient’s risk for falling
The Morse Fall Scale include
(1) history of falling,
(2) existence of a secondary diagnosis,
(3) use of an ambulatory aid,
(4) use of an intravenous line or a saline lock,
(5) gait,
(6) mental status.
Safety in the Home assessment questions
o you require human or mechanical assistance with any of the following: walking, toileting, bathing, dressing, grooming, and eating If yes, please describe the type of assistance you need.
Poisoning assessment questions (ex:where do you store chemicals in your house)
Chemicals
Medications
Food
Chemicals: How do you store your household chemicals? Are they out of reach of children and pets?
Medications: Where are your medications stored? Are they out of reach of children or do they have childproof caps? Are any medications expired?
Food: Are leftover foods dated and placed in airtight containers? Is the refrigerator cleared of potentially spoiled items on a weekly basis? Are separate cutting surfaces used for cutting raw chicken, fish, and meats? Are meats refrigerated during marinating, and is excess marinade discarded before cooking?
what are assessment questions for carbon monoxide?
Carbon monoxide: Do you experience unexplained headaches, dizziness, drowsiness, nausea, or any other flulike symptoms? Do you have a carbon monoxide detector in your home?
Biohazards assessment quistions
Needles
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)
Needles: Do you use hypodermic needles? How do you dispose of them?
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): Do you have any open or inflamed areas on your skin?
The Hendrich II Fall Risk Model include 8 risk factors which assess the fall risk of patients
(1) confusion/disorientation/impulsivity
(2) symptomatic depression
(3) altered elimination
(4) dizziness/vertigo
(5) gender
(6) use of antiepileptics
(7) use of benzodiazepines
(8) performance on the Get-Up-and-Go Test
The Hendrich II Fall Risk Model is graded
0-5 if an Item is 0 ______ if an item is 5+ ______
an item is assigned a zero if it does not apply to the patient. If the total score is 5 or higher on the Hendrich II Fall Risk Model, the patient is at high risk for a fall
according to Morse Fall scale history of fall is how many points
25
according to morse fall scale if there is a secondary diagnosis how many points is that
15
according to Morse fall scale if the patient uses ambulatory aid how many points is that
for furniture(ex: chair) 30
for crutches/cane/walker that’s 15
according to Morse Fall scale if patent needs IV/heparin lock how many points is that
20
according to Morse Fall scale if patent has mental status (forgets limitations) how many points is that
15
morse fall scale points and there catogorys
high risk= 45+
moderate risk=25-44
low risk=0-24
The nurse may also implement several safety interventions as part of discharge planning by
Educate the patient and family about the importance of removing clutter, throw rugs, cords, and obstacles from the floor and path of the patient
Collaborate with the social worker to identify community resources to install appropriate supportive equipment in the home
Educate the patient and family on the importance of and strategies for preventing children from gaining access to household poisons.
Collaborate with social services for the scheduling of periodic home safety inspections.
Educate the patient and family about the role of protective-equipment use in injury prevention when individuals are engaged in contact sports.
Collaborate with the social worker to identify community resources for obtaining inexpensive or free protective equipment.
what does RACE stand for when there is a fire?
R:Rescue all patients in immediate danger and move them to safe areas
A:Activate the manual-pull station or fire alarm and have someone call 911
C:Contain the fire by closing doors, confining the fire, and preventing the spread of smoke
E:Extinguish the fire if possible after all patients are evacuated from the area
To ensure fire safety, nurses should regularly check for faulty or loose
wiring or anything unusual
brakes are always applied on
beds (unless transferring using bed)
Alternatives to Physical Restraints
Orient the patient to the surroundings and explain all care-related interventions
Relocate the patient to a room near the nurses’ station.
Use pressure-sensitive and motion-sensitive bed and chair alarms consistently. Tabs and bed-check alarm systems can be used in the bed or chair
Ensure that alarms and sensors are properly placed and functioning and perform battery checks according to facility protocol
Encourage the family and significant others to spend time with the patient
Minimize environmental stimuli (e.g., noise, bright lights).
Provide distractions based on patient preferences (e.g., music, television, a doll to hold).
Provide complementary and alternative therapies:
Promote relaxation through gentle massage.
Use aromatherapy to relax the patient.
Assess for sources of agitation and ensure that the patient’s basic needs are met (e.g., food, fluids, toileting, pain or discomfort relief, sleep, ambulation).
Obtain an order for a 24-hour sitter (i.e., unlicensed assistive personnel [UAP]).
Cover or disguise tubes or drains with clothing or wrap intravenous sites with gauze so that they are kept out of the patient’s sight
Use untied, cloth-padded protective mitts on the patient’s hands to prevent the patient from removing tubes or drains
physical restraints causes more ____ than ___ for the patient
harm than good
if patient causes immediate threat of harm to self or other the nurse can apply_____ without an order from the primary care provider
restraint
but the order must be sought and the patient must be seen within an hour of application of the restraint
Never tie a restraint in a knot because the knot
may prohibit a quick exit in the event of an emergency requiring evacuation.
Restraints should never be tied to
side rails
When all four side rails are raised, it is considered a form of
physical restraint
When determining the best practices for preventing the spread of infection, the nurse should consider the
possible routes of transmission
A break in sterile technique or contamination of a Foley catheter during insertion may result in a catheter-associated
urinary tract infection
Routine checks of____ ______ _____________ __________ ______ ____ ____help prevent injuries caused by improper equipment maintenance
battery-operated equipment, along with testing and replacement, may be performed by nursing or clinical engineering staff, depending on equipment type
When working with radiation diagnostics or treatments
preventive measures should be followed to avoid exposure
Evaluation is an ongoing process that involves collaboration with the patient, family, and multiple health care professionals to keep patients safe in
____ ____ ____
health care agencies, community environments, and at home
nurse is teaching parents how to handle poisoning in todlers
A. give large amount of water
B. call poison control center
C.give ipecac syrup
D.reprimand the child
B. call posion control center
Infants should be placed in the ____ _____ for safe sleeping to decrease the likelihood of sudden infant death syndrome
supine position
when considering the risk of fall in elderly patient the nurse should check
A. daily salt intake
B. regular exercise
C. conductive statue
D. propper illumination
D. propper illumination
what is anxiolytic medicines?
chemical restraint that manage behavior by making patient calm and inducing sleep
