Validity and Reliability of Diagnosis

Question 1

What is concurrent validity?

Answer 1

Two separate measures give the same diagnosis

Question 2

What is construct validity?

Answer 2

Do the symptoms in DSM match up with the symptoms of the patient

e.g. social withdrawal for schizophrenia

Question 3

What is predicitive validity?

Answer 3

We can suggest how your illness will progress and give medication for your illness for the symptoms to go away

Question 4

What is aetiological validity?

Answer 4

Your characteristics match up to what we expect about that illness

e.g. if your mother has schizophrenia and you are diagnosed with it, the cause is genetic and we should see a certain progression

Question 5

What is inter-rater reliability?

Answer 5

Two different doctors give the same diagnosis

Question 6

What is retest reliability?

Answer 6

You get the same diagnosis again when rediagnosed

Question 7

How would you improve the validity and reliability of diagnostic manuels?

Answer 7

Standardised symptoms

Question 8

How might DSM and ICD differences reduce validity and reliability of diagnosis?

Answer 8

Leads to different diagnoses

Question 9

What is co-morbidity?

Answer 9

Some illnesses overlap and could be diagnosed as one by one doctor and a different, overlapping illness by another doctor

Question 10

Why might patients lie/omit information?

Answer 10

Embarrassment or not realising something is a symptom

Question 11

What are culturally bound syndromes?

Answer 11

Mental illnesses specific to one culture that may not be diagnosed in a different culture

Question 12

How does Lee support concurrent validity?

Answer 12

Compared DSM behavioural and psychological characteristics with ADHD test when researching diagnosis of ADHD in Korea

Question 13

How does Rosenhan support reliability?

Answer 13

All but 1 pseudopatient was diagnosed as schizophrenic with sane symptoms

Question 14

How does Jakobsen support predicitive validity?

Answer 14

ICD 10 diagnosis showed 93% accuracy and 87% predictive value when diagnosing schizophrenia

Question 15

How does Brown support reliability of diagnosis?

Answer 15

Found good-to-excellent reliability for most DSM IV categories as most disagreements tended to not be on what the symptoms were but if there was enough of them

Question 16

How does Andrews support concurrent validity?

Answer 16

DSM IV and ICD had agreement rates for disorders e.g. depression

Question 17

How does Powers support predictive validity?

Answer 17

Women who had suffered complex post traumatic disorder had high levels of alcohol and substance misuse as predicted by ICD 11

Question 18

How does Rosenhan conflict validity?

Answer 18

Participants did not have actual symptoms of schizophrenia

Nurses interpreted normal behaviours as signs of schizophrenia

Question 19

How does Rosenhan conflict validity?

Answer 19

Hospital staff could not accurately diagnose the fact that the pseudopatients did not have a mental health disorder

Question 20

How do Ford & Widiger conflict validity and reliability of diagnosis?

Answer 20

Men and women with the same symptoms were diagnosed with different illnesses due to stereotyping

Question 21

How does Beck conflict the reliability of diagnosis?

Answer 21

Same set of symptoms were only diagnosed as the same disorder in 50% of cases, so low reliability

Question 22

How does Sato conflict the validity and reliability of diagnosis?

Answer 22

Clinicians may be unwilling to give culturally sensitive diagnoses e.g. schizophrenia in Japan

Question 23

How does Ward conflict the validity and reliability of diagnosis?

Answer 23

62.5% of inadequacy of the classification system so low inter-rater reliability