Contemporary Study on a disorder (depression) other than Schizophrenia (Williams)

Question 1

What is your contemporary study on a disorder other than schizophrenia?

Answer 1

Williams - depression

Question 2

What is the aim of your contemporary study on a disorder (depression) other than schizophrenia (Williams)?

Answer 2

If imagination based cognitive bias modification would impact positively on iCBT outcomes of CBM and iCBT to treat depression

Question 3

What was the sample of your contemporary study on a disorder (depression) other than schizophrenia (Williams)?

Answer 3

69 patients from online applications in Australia

Randomised into control group (31 on waiting list) and treatment group (38)

Question 4

What were the participants given before treatment in the contemporary study on a disorder (depression) other than schizophrenia?

Answer 4

Diagnostic interview using DSM

Filtered via various criteria e.g. substance abuse, severity of depression, no internet access

Question 5

What were tests the participants measured on in the contemporary study on a disorder (depression) other than schizophrenia (Williams) as a baseline?

Answer 5

Beck’s Depression Inventory

Scrambled Sentences Test

Question 6

What secondary measures were the participants in the contemporary study on a disorder (depression) other than schizophrenia (Williams) measured on?

Answer 6

World Health Organisation Disability Assessment

Repetitive Thinking Questionnaire

Question 7

How long did the treatment group get for treatment of cognitive bias modification using imagery in the contemporary study on a disorder (depression) other than schizophrenia (Williams)?

Answer 7

20 minute daily for the first week and then measured again

Question 8

How long was the iCBT programme in the contemporary study on a disorder (depression) other than schizophrenia (Williams)?

Answer 8

10 weeks then measured again

Question 9

What did the treatment consist of in the contemporary study on a disorder (depression) other than schizophrenia (Williams)?

Answer 9

6 online lessons, regular homework, no face-to-face contact

Question 10

What are the results of the contemporary study on a disorder (depression) other than schizophrenia (Williams)?

Answer 10

pre-treatment tests showed no significance (27.97 vs 28)

after 1st week: reduction in depression and distress scores in treatment group (clinically significant in 7 of the treatment group and 2 of the control group)

at 11 weeks: significant reduction in all primary measures for both groups (65% vs 36%)

Question 11

What are the conclusions of the contemporary study on a disorder (depression) other than schizophrenia (Williams)?

Answer 11

CBM is effective and worth offering to patients whilst they are waiting for CBT treatment

CBM treatment is quick and effective in changing negative appraisals, so may reduce other depressive symptoms

Question 12

What is a strength of using internet recruitment in the contemporary study on a disorder (depression) other than schizophrenia (Williams)?

Answer 12

Gained participants from all over Australia so results about the effectiveness of CBM can be generalised to the whole country

Question 13

What is good about using measures like Beck’s Depression Inventory in the contemporary study on a disorder (depression) other than schizophrenia (Williams)?

Answer 13

Widely used so can be tested for construct validity making results more valid

Question 14

Why is it good that the participants didn’t know which group (treatment or control) they had been assigned to in the contemporary study on a disorder (depression) other than schizophrenia (Williams)?

Answer 14

Reduced demand characteristics as they wouldn’t have changed their answers on the depression scores, so results about effectiveness of CBM and iCBT are more valid

Question 15

How did Williams limit extraneous variables in the sample of the contemporary study on a disorder (depression) other than schizophrenia?

Answer 15

Excluded other mental disorders e.g. substance misuse so researchers could make sure other mental disorders did not affect the results of the study

Question 16

How can the contemporary study on a disorder (depression) other than schizophrenia (Williams) be ethical?

Answer 16

Those who were not allowed to take part were given information about other services that could help them

Question 17

How is the contemporary study on a disorder (depression) other than schizophrenia (Williams) standardised?

Answer 17

Positive training scenarios were digitally recorded so participants heard the same scenario, increasing replicability meaning results about iCBT can be checked for consistency and be more reliable

Question 18

Why is filtering the sample a weakness of the contemporary study on a disorder (depression) other than schizophrenia (Williams)?

Answer 18

Less representative to others

Question 19

Why is it a weakness that the sample of contemporary study on a disorder (depression) other than schizophrenia (Williams) is from Australia?

Answer 19

Ethnocentric so results about the effectiveness of iCBT might not be representative of a wider population

Question 20

Why is it a weakness that no group did only iCBT and CBM in the contemporary study on a disorder (depression) other than schizophrenia (Williams)?

Answer 20

No way of separating iCBT and CBM effectiveness so conclusions about effectiveness on their own are not valid as they were studied together

Question 21

Why is it a weakness that the data was collected 3 months after the programme in the contemporary study on a disorder (depression) other than schizophrenia?

Answer 21

Only looks at short term effectiveness so we don’t know true effectiveness of iCBT over time

Question 22

Why is it a weakness of using questionnaire measures about depression in the contemporary study on a disorder (depression) other than schizophrenia (Williams)?

Answer 22

Self-report issues of social desirability so results about depression and impact of iCBT are less valid

Question 23

What might Williams not have controlled in the contemporary study on a disorder (depression) other than schizophrenia?

Answer 23

Extraneous variables e.g. their lives which might’ve impacted their depression so lowers validity of findings about iCBT on depression as other factors may have influenced the results