Non-Biological (Cognitive) Explanation for an Illness other than Schizophrenia (Depression)

Question 1

What is the non-biological explanation for an illness other than schizophrenia?

Answer 1

Cognitive explanation for depression

Question 2

What is depression caused by according to the non-biological explanation (cognitive) for an illness other than schizophrenia (CBT)?

Answer 2

Maladaptive thinking about reality which impacts mood

Question 3

What is catastrophising?

Answer 3

Escalating tiny problems into much bigger ones

Question 4

What type of thoughts does the non-biological (cognitive) explanation for an illness other than schizophrenia suggest those with depression have?

Answer 4

All or nothing thoughts

Black or white thoughts

e.g. one thing has gone wrong today, the entire day is now ruined

Question 5

Where do these maladaptive thoughts come from?

Answer 5

Past experiences

Question 6

What causes maladaptive thinking?

Answer 6

Learned helplessness

Question 7

What is Beck’s negative triad?

Answer 7

View of self, world, future

Question 8

What happens if your attribute negative life events to being internal, stable and global?

Answer 8

You are more likely to be depressed

Question 9

What is internal (attributing negative life events)?

Answer 9

Thinking about the current situation

Question 10

What is stable (attributing negative life events)?

Answer 10

Thinking it will happen every time

Question 11

What is global (attributing negative life events)?

Answer 11

Thinking it will happen in every situation

Question 12

What happens to maladaptive thinking over time?

Answer 12

Becomes the schema

Question 13

How do people with depression interpret events according to the non-biological (cognitive) explanation for an illness other than schizophrenia (depression)?

Answer 13

Negatively

Question 14

How does CBT therapy support the non-biological (cognitive) explanation for an illness other than schizophrenia (depression)?

Answer 14

Alters thoughts and is effective at reducing symptoms/treating depression so maladaptive thoughts might be a cause of Depression

Question 15

Why is the non-biological (cognitive) explanation for an illness other than schizophrenia (depression) reductionist?

Answer 15

Ignores biological causes like monoamines

Evidence that depressed people may have lower monoamines

Question 16

Why is the non-biological (cognitive) explanation for an illness other than schizophrenia (depression) incomplete?

Answer 16

Drugs work to treat depression so there is some biological
underpinning

Question 17

Why does the non-biological (cognitive) explanation for an illness other than schizophrenia (depression) have issues with empiricism?

Answer 17

Can’t directly measure
the maladaptive thoughts so can’t see if they are really a cause of depression

Question 18

Why are there cause and effect issues with the non-biological (cognitive) explanation for an illness other than schizophrenia (depression)?

Answer 18

Most of the research into cognition and depression is correlational so maladaptive thoughts could cause
Depression or the Depression could cause the maladaptive thought processes

Question 19

How does Alloy and Abramson support the non-biological (cognitive) explanation for an illness other than schizophrenia (depression)?

Answer 19

Those with negative thought patterns had a greater risk of depression

Question 20

How do Yost & Weary support the non-biological (cognitive) explanation for an illness other than schizophrenia?

Answer 20

When making self attributions, depressed people were more likely to judge negative behaviours and events as due to their own personal