Vaccinology Flashcards
What is passive immunisation?
1 - injected with antibodies directly for immediate response
2 - injected with T and B cells to develop memory immunity
3 - injected with WBC to initiate an immune response
4 - injected with plasma cells to produce antibodies
1 - injected with antibodies directly for immediate response
- provides immediate response in patients who may not be able to produce the antibodies
Which of the following is NOT an example of a live vaccine:
1 - Rotavirus vaccine
2 - MMR vaccine
3 - Nasal flu vaccine
4 - Varicella zoster IG
5 - Meningococcal B and C
4 - Varicella zoster IG
- all the others are either live attenuated or inactivated
Passive immunity is when a patient is injected with antibodies from an external source directly for an immediate response. What 2 methods can be used to administer these?
1 - subdermal and intramuscular
2 - intravenously and intramuscular
3 - intravenously and subdermal
4 - intravenously and orally
2 - intravenously and intramuscular
Passive immunity is when a patient is injected with antibodies from an external source directly for an immediate response. Which of the following is NOT responses following passive immunisation?
1 - short term immune response lasting as long as the antibodies last
2 - no natural production of the antibodies so when the antibodies are gone thats it
3 - body able to produce memory immune cells
4 - provides an immediate immune response
3 - body able to produce memory immune cells
- antibodies are not made by the host, therefore no memory cells either
Passive immunity is when a patient is injected with antibodies from an external source directly for an immediate response. Which of the following is an example of passive immunity?
1 - attenuated Covid vaccine given subcutaneously
2 - mum breast feeding gives baby IgA antibodies
3 - vaccine given at birth for MMR
2 - mum breast feeding gives baby IgA antibodies
- when mum stops breast feeding these antibodies are lost
Varicella Zoster immunoglobulin are antibodies that can be given to a patient who as been exposed to the viruses and is an example of passive immunisation. Is Varicella Zoster dangerous?
Varicella = chickenpox
Zoster = shingles
1 - can be dangerous in adults
2 - can be dangerous in children
3 - can be dangerous in adults and children
1 - can be dangerous in adults
- essentially viruses that can causes chickenpox or shingles
- in children nothing major
Varicella Zoster immunoglobulin are antibodies that can be given to a patient who as been exposed to the viruses and is an example of passive immunisation. In order for a patient to be administered though, 3 specific criteria from the list below must be met. Which 3 are they?
Varicella = chickenpox
Zoster = shingles
1 - immunocompromised patient
2 - older healthy patient
3 - exposure to chickenpox or shingles but had when young
4 - born in a 3rd world country
5 - no varicella-zoster virus (VZV) antibodies confirmed via antibody testing
6 - increased risk of severe chickenpox (immunocompromised, neonates, women exposed in first 20w of pregnancy)
1) increased risk of severe chickenpox (immunocompromised, neonates, women exposed in first 20w of pregnancy)
5 - no varicella-zoster virus (VZV) antibodies confirmed via antibody testing
6 - increased risk of severe chickenpox (immunocompromised, neonates, women exposed in first 20w of pregnancy)
Does passive or active immunisation cost more?
- passive and not as available as active immunisation
What is active immunisation?
1 - injected with antibodies directly for immediate response
2 - injected with T and B cells to develop memory immunity
3 - injected with WBC to initiate an immune response
4 - injected live attenuated or inactivated vaccine
4 - injected live attenuated or inactivated vaccine
- this is a slower immune response but stimulates the bodies own immune system
- memory immune cells are created
Active immunisation is when a person is injected with vaccine or antigen and body produces antibodies against it. There are 2 main types of active immunisation, what are they?
1 - active and hyperinactive
2 - inactive and hyperactive
3 - inactive and active
4 - active and hyperactive
3 - inactive and active
- active = weakened microorganisms are introduced into the body
- inactive = dead microorganism or parts of microorganisms like PAMPs is introduced into the body
Is the hepatitis B (HBV) immunisation an example of active or passive immunisation?
- both
- mum could have had HBV vaccine and shared antibodies with baby
- baby will then be immunised at 8, 12 and 16 weeks as well as a form of active immunisation
Live vaccines have a reduced virulence. What does virulence mean?
- ability of an organism to infect the host and cause a disease
- influenza and Varicella/Zoster are examples
Which of the following is NOT an advantage of administering live vaccines?
1 - strong immune response evoked
2 - memory immune response and lost lasting
3 - virulence may return
4 - local and systemic immunity produced
3 - virulence may return
What are vaccine adjuncts, such as aluminium salts?
1 - ensures virulence doesn’t return
2 - dampens immune response to stop infection
3 - enhances the immune response
4 - creates memory immune cells
3 - enhances the immune response
In the image below, which 2 statements are true?
- 3 and 4
In the image below, which 3 are true?
- 1, 2 and 4
- 1 is like the vaccine given to babies at 8 weeks
- trigger antibody production but do not infect cells, so immune response is shorter
- need adjuvant to amplify the immune response
In the image below, which answer is correct?
- 1
In babies why is the delivery of some live vaccines delayed in babies?
1 - babies receive no antibodies from mum
2 - there should be no delay
3 - babies receive passive immunisation of mum
4 - babies don’t need immunisation at an early age
3 - babies receive passive immunisation of mum
- baby will have passive immunisation from mothers antibodies during pregnancy and breast feeding
- passive antibodies can interfere with active antibodies found in vaccines
At 8 weeks (2 months) old babies are given the 6 in 1 vaccine as inactive vaccines in the right thigh. Using the mnemonic 2 B My D.R HIP, which of the following is NOT one of these?
1 - diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough) (DTaP)
4 - meningococcal group B (MenB)
3 - inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
4 - haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
5 - rotavirus
6 - pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)
7 - hepatitis B
6 - pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV)
- babies get this in the THIGH
2 B My D.R HIP
2 = 2 months
B = hepatitis B
M = meningococcal group B (MenB)
D = diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis (whooping cough) (DTaP)
R = rotavirus
H = haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
IP = inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)
In addition to the 6 in 1 inactive vaccine babies are given at 8 weeks, they are also given one live attenuated vaccine orally. Which vaccine is this?
1 - Rotavirus
2 - HPV
3 - MenC
4 - MMR
1 - Rotavirus
- given ORALLY
When giving a baby the rotavirus, why is it important to assess if the babies has an auto immune deficiency?
1 - vaccine will benefit the baby
2 - vaccine can cure the immunodeficiency
3 - baby is immunocompromised so is dangerous
4 - babies mum may have. a reaction
3 - baby is immunocompromised so is dangerous
- rotavirus is alive vaccine so could be dangerous to some patients