Vaccines and sera chapter 18 Flashcards
What is immunization?
Process of stimulating immunity by exposure to weakened proteins
(antigens) of specific disease
What are vaccines and sera used for ?
Stimulate our own production of antibodies to provide patient with
immunity to particular antigen (active immunity)
* Provide preformed antibodies to facilitate an immune response
(passive immunity)
* React with toxins/venins (snake, spider bites)
What is HPV?
HPV (human papillomavirus) – most common sexually
transmitted virus
Many virus types
* Often body can clear
* May cause genital warts
* May cause changes in lining of cervix, vulva and vagina
* Increase risk of cervical cancer, throat and anal cancers
What is Gardasil
A vaccine
First vaccine to prevent cancer
* Effective against HPV types 16 and 18 (70% of cervical cancers)
* Effective against types 6 and 11 (90% of genital warts)
* Advised for both boys and girls by CDC (2016)
* Ages 9 until 26 years
* Less than 15 y.o. 2 doses; again 6-12 months after initial dose
* 15-26 (or weakened immune system) 3 doses: once, then 1-2 months post
and last at 6 months after first dose
* Does not provide protection if patient already infected with one of the HPV
strains above
What is adverse effects of Gardasil?
Vaccine
* Pain, redness, swelling at injection site
* Occasional syncopal episodes
What are contras of Gardasil?
- Immune deficiency
- Pregnancy and lactation
- Known allergies to vaccine or components
What to assess with Gardasil?
- Co-morbidities
- Acute illness, immunodeficiency
- Allergies
- Physical assessment
- ROM of extremity
- Skin
- Vital signs
What are nursing diagnoses of Gardisil?
Acute pain r/t injection
What are implementation of Gardasil?
- Arrange for proper administration:
- Local site care, analgesia if
needed - Check dose, record of pharm.
company, lot number - Educate (and re-enforce) need for
follow up care, screenings - Provide written record of
immunizations - Educate pt to keep records
What is immune globulin?
Immune sera
plasma pooled from multiple donor blood
What is therapeutic action of immune sera?
Immune globulin
Method to provide passive immunity providing preformed antibodies to specific
antigen
* Immune sera – contain antibodies to specific bacteria, virus and venom
What is indications of immune sera?
Immune globulin
Used as prophylaxis or to lessen reaction to specific diseases after exposure
What are adverse effects of immune sera?
Immune globulin?
* Reactions can include fever, rash, chest tightness
* Local reactions at injection site
What are contras for immune sera?
Immune globulin
History of reaction
What are cautions for immune sera?
Immune globulin
* Pregnancy
* Thrombocytopenia/coag disorders
