Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Pharmacology > Drugs acting autonomic nervous syetm > Flashcards

Drugs acting autonomic nervous syetm Flashcards

Chapt. 29-33

1
Q

**Sympathetic system
What does sns activity produce?

A

Catecholamines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What happens in the parasympathetic nervous system?

A

-Constrict pupils
-Stimulate saliva production
-Constricts bronchi
-Slows heart
-Stimulates stomach,pancreas, and intestines
-Stimulates urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What happens in the sympathetic system?

A

-Dilates pupiles
-Inhibits saliva production
-Dilates bronchu
-Accelerates heart
-Stimulates epinephrine and norepinephrine release
-Stimulates glucose release
-Inhibits stomach, pancreas and intestines
-Inhibits urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

**sympathetic system
What is the main activators of the sympathetic nervous system and what are they stimulated by ?

A
  1. Adrenergic receptors
    2.Receptors are stimulated by norepinephrine/ epinephrine
    Alpha1 and 2
    Beta 1 and 2
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

**Alpha receptors sns
Describe alpha 1 recptors?

A

-Found in blood vessels, iris, bladder
-Cause vasoconstriction which increases bp
-Dilates pupiles
-Increase closure of internal sphincter(urethra) decreased urine output

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

**Alpha receptors sns
Describe alpha 2 receptors?

A

-Located on nerve membranes
-Control release of NE
-Decrease SNS activity and leads to decrease in sns activity which leads to decrease in blood pressure and heart rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

**Beta receptors sns
Descrieb beta 1 receptors?

A

-Mostly in heart
-Stimulation leads to increases myocardial activity and heart rate
-Beat1= 1 heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

**Beta receptors sns
Describe Beta 2 receptors?

A

-Lungs, uterine muscle, smooth muscles of blood vessels, liver- releases glucose
-Stimulation leads to dilating airways
-Beta 2=2 lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What do parasympathetic receptors do?
Stop here bookie

A

-Work in opposition to sns
-Cholinergic receptos –> neurotransmitter Ach
-Stimulation of PSNS results in
Gi tract- increased motility to promote digestion
CV-decreased heart rate and contractility
-Respiratory- constriction of the bronchi
-Pupillary constriction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is adrenic apart of ?

A

Sympathetic nervous system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are adrenic agonist also known as?

A

Sympathomimetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe what sympathomimetic does?

A

**Adrenic agonists

-Drugs the stimulate/ mimic the actions of the SNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

**Adrenergic agnonists
What does the therapeutic site depend on?

A

-Site of action
-effects on adrenergic receptors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are physiological adrenergic effects?

A

-Eyes: pupils dilate and los of accommodation

-Mouth: Decrease salivation, decrease secretions

-Respiratory: Bronchodilation, increase rr, increase depth of respirations

CV: Increase pulse, intrope effect, increase conduction , vasocinstriction, increase bp, and increase blood flow to muscles

GI: Decrease pancreatic secretions, decrease gastric secretions, decrease GI motility, Decrease perfusion and sphincter contraction

Gy: Decrease renal blood flow, decrease uterine activity, bladder relaxation, sphincter contraction and gential stimulation

Skin: VAsoconstriction (Pale), piloerection(goosebumps) and increase in swearing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

**Adrenergic agonist
What are the general actions of adrenergic agonist?

A

-Usually indicated for shock or bronchospasm
General action of adrenergic agonists:
-Increased heart rate
-Bronchodilation
-Vasoconstriction**
-Glycogenolysis
-Reduce nasal congestion
-Dilation of pupils
-Sweating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What adverse effects of adrenergic agonists?

A

CNS: Headache, restlessness, excitement, insomnia, euphoria

Cardiovascular: Palpitations, tachycardia, arrhythmias, vasoconstriction, hypertension

Others: Loss of appetite, dry mouth, nausea, vomiting, urinary retention, potential for adverse effects to anesthesia

children and older adults are most likely to experience

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the therapeutic actions of phenylephrine ( Neo-Synephrine)
Synthetic - produces vasoconstriction( Alpha 1 only )

A

**Alpha 1 adrenergic agonists

-Binds to alpha receptors

Alpha 1 receptor stimulation:
-Vasoconstriction of blood vessels –> vasopressor effect
-Nasal decongestant
-Contraction of GU sphincters
-Dilate pupils- due to constriction of eye muscles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the indications of phenylephrine (Neo-Synephrine)

A

**Alpha 1 adrenergic agonists

-Used to treat shock
-Used in cold and allergy products

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What contras against of Alpha 1 adrenergic agonists?

A

Severe HTN, or tachycardia, Narrow angle glaucoma, gonna make worse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are drug to drug interactions **Alpha 1 adrenergic agonists ?

A

Decrease effectiveness of HTN meds, beta-blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are nursing considerations when taking Alpha 1 Adrenergic Agonists?

A
  • Don’t just stop abruptly, make sure to taper off
    -Monitor for IV extravasations, because it cause vasoctonstiricitions leading to necrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

**Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists
What is a medicatiosn that is a Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists?

A

** clonidine (Catapres)
Oral and transdermal patches; epidural

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is therapeutic actions of ** clonidine (Catapres) ?

A

**Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists

-Alpha 2 receptor stimulation decreases sympathetic outflow from CNS
-Inhibits release of norepinephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are indications of ** clonidine (Catapres)?

A

**Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists
HTN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are adverse affects of ** clonidine (Catapres) ?
**Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists -CNS effects --> sedation, drowsiness, HA -Hypotension, bradycardia
26
What are cautions to have ** clonidine (Catapres) ?
**Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists -PVD -renal/hepatic dz
27
What are NSG considerations to have with ** clonidine (Catapres) ?
**Alpha 2 Adrenergic Agonists Do not stop abruptly --> taper dose If stopped abruptly it could cause rebound hypertension
28
**Beta 1 adrenergic agonists Describe what happens during beta 1 stimulation
Cardiac/renal receptors -Increased force contraction -Increased heart -Increase conduction through AV node, better contractility -Increased renin secretions from kidneys, causing blood pressure to rise
29
**Beta 2 Adrenergic agnosit Describe what happens during beta 2 Stimulation?
-Relaxation of smooth muscles in lungs =Bronchodilation -Increase blood flow to heart, brain, skeletal muscle(Tissue needed for fight. flight) -Relaxation of uterine muscle= Decrease in contractions -Hepatic glycogenolysis--> increases Blood sugar but decreases pancreatic insulin secretion =Hyperglycemia
30
What is a beta 2 adrenergic agonists medication?
Albuterol (Proventil
31
What is the therapeutic action of albuterol(Proventil)?
**Beta 2 adrenergic agonists Stimulates Beta 2 receptors  quickly dilates bronchi and increases rate and depth of respirations
32
What are the indications albuterol(Proventil)?
**Beta 2 adrenergic agonists Used during acute phase of asthmatic attacks
33
What is the pharmacokinetics of albuterol(Proventil)?
**Beta 2 adrenergic agonists Inhalants (some in oral, parenteral forms) Inhaled --> rapidly absorbed; duration of action varies
34
What is the Contras and cautious albuterol(Proventil)?
**Beta 2 adrenergic agonists --Renal impairment, diabetes thyroid disease, vasomotor problems are all cautions -allergy, pulmonary hypertension,
35
Describe beta 1& 2 adrenergic agonists
-Most beta agonists, used as bronchodilator for asthma, spams, copd -Also sympathomimetic effect
36
**Beta 1 & 2 adrenergic agonists Describe what isoproterenol (isuprel) does?
Causes increased heart rate, positive inotropic effect, BP, treatment of shock, bronchospasm during surgery
37
What medication is known as a Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Agonists?
Dopamine(Intropin)
38
What are therapeutic actions of dopamine(intropin)
*Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Agonists -Stimulates alpha 1 and beta 1 receptor activity -Stimulates heart and BP -Increases blood flow to kidney
39
What are indications of dopamine(intropin)?
*Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Agonists Shock
40
What are contras of dopamine(intropin)?
*Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Agonists -Pheochromocytoma -Tachy, arrhythmias or vfib -Hypovolemia, not enough volume so it won't really help
41
What are cautions of dopamine(intropin)?
*Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Agonists TCAs & MAOIs, HTN meds
42
What are NSG considerations of dopamine(intropin)?
*Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Agonists -Monitor for IV extravasation -Not a treatment for Parkinsons!!
43
What does epineephrine( Adrenaline) used as?
*Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Agonists IV, SQ, ophthalmic (dilates) or inhaled-short acting Used in OTC inhalation products
44
*Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Agonists What is therapeutic actions of epinephrine( Adrenaline)
-Stimulates alpha 1 and beta 1 & 2 receptors -Increases force of contraction and heart rate Bronchodilation
45
*Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Agonists What is indications of epinephrine( Adrenaline)?
-Cardiac arrest -Drug of choice for bronchospasm, laryngeal edema, allergic reaction
46
*Alpha and Beta Adrenergic Agonists Describe why epinephrine(Adrenaline) Is a drug choice for anaphylaxis treatment?
-Antagonist to histamine -IM injection (thigh), 90 degrees -Beta blockers will minimize effect, may need higher dosing, double dosing -Can add antihistamines/ raniditine (Zantac)
47
*Nursing Considerations: What should you assess with adrenergic agonists?
VS, Neuro status Physical assessment Past medical history PVD, HTN, CV, pheochromocytoma, thyroid dz, diabetes Labs Current medication list (including OTC!)
48
*Nursing Considerations: What are nursing diagnoses with adrenergic agonists?
Inefficient tissue perfusion r/t CV effects Risk for injury r/t CV or CNS effects Discomfort r/t GI/GU effects
49
*Nursing Considerations: What are implementaion with adrenergic agonists?
Monitor pt closely VS, ECG, urinary outpt, LBM Wean meds over 2-4 days (esp. alpha agonists) to prevent rebound HTN, arrhythmias Educate pt: Overuse of nasal decongestants may cause rebound nasal congestion or ulcerations Use of bronchodilators/inhalers Avoid OTC or other medications because of possible interactions Implement safety precautions (esp with alpha 2 r/t hypotension)
50
*Nursing Considerations: What are evaluations with adrenergic agonists?
Monitor pt response to medication  improvement in condition being treated
51
Describe Adrenergic antagonists(blockers)
-Have the opposite effect of adrenergic agonists -Bind to adrenergic receptors and block stimulation of SNS Also known as: -Adrenergic blockers -Sympatholytics( Lice/ block the sns) -a-blockers, b-blockers, or a-b–blockers
52
What are effects of adrenergic blockade?
-Pupils do not dilate -Increased Gi secretions -Loss of bronchodilation -Decrease venous return, related to vasodilation, lowered blood pressure -Increased Gi activity -Decreases glucose regulation -Relaxed sphincters to increase Gi excretions -Relaxed sphincters to increase urine flow -Decreased sexual response
53
What is the therapeutic action of labetalol(Normodyne)?
*Non-selective adrenergic antagonists Block NE at alpha and beta receptor sites Results in ↓ BP, ↓ HR, ↑ renal perfusion
54
What are indications of labetalol(Normodyne)?
*Non-selective adrenergic antagonists HTN without reflex tachycardia When the bp is lowered body will compensate by increasing hr which is reflex tachycardia
55
What are contras of labetalol(Normodyne)?
*Non-selective adrenergic antagonists Bradycardia, heart block( Heart isn’t conducting as it normally would), asthma, heart failure
56
What are cautions of labetalol(Normodyne)?
*Non-selective adrenergic antagonists Diabetes, bronchospasm, pregnancy -Beta2 receptors are block so it could make bronchospasm worse -Can block signs and symptoms of hypo and hyper glycemia so diabetics should check blood sugar more frequently!
57
*Alpha 1 Selective Adrenergic Antagonists Therapeutic actions of tamsulosin (Flomax)?
Blocks alpha 1 receptors BPH – produces smooth muscle relaxation prostate and bladder  improved urine flow
58
Indications of tamsulosin (Flomax)?
*Alpha 1 Selective Adrenergic Antagonists BPH (tamsulosin) Some used for HTN
59
What are adverse effects of tamsulosin (Flomax)?
*Alpha 1 Selective Adrenergic Antagonists r/t SNS blockage CNS effects  orthostatic hypotension, dizziness Vasodilation  Tachycardia/ flushing “first dose syncope”  30 -90 min after dose; start low, wean up, give at night
60
What are Contras/cautions of tamsulosin (Flomax)?
*Alpha 1 Selective Adrenergic Antagonists -Allergy and pregnancy -Heart, renal and hepatic failure
61
What are drug to drug interactions of tamsulosin (Flomax)?
*Alpha 1 Selective Adrenergic Antagonists Monitor effect with other pressure lower meds
62
Describe Non-Selective Beta-Adrenergic Antagonists
-Used to treat wide variety of cardiovascular problems -Block both beta 1 and beta 2 receptors in SNS Especially effective in: Heart – reduces heart rate, contractility, excitability, BP Kidneys – juxta-glomerular  decreases renin(causes decrease in blood pressure Creates a problem when receptors blocked in lungs!!
63
Describe beta blockers action?
- Beta 1-Cardio-selective meds have more effect of B! receptors, less effects on glucose metabolism, less effects on lungs -Beta 2- Drugs that block B2 receptors can cause bronchoconstriction
64
*Beta 1 Selective Adrenergic Antagonists What is therapeutic actions of metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL)?
-Cardio-selective  Block cardiac beta 1 receptors Does not usually block beta 2 receptors in lungs
65
What are indications of metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL)?
*Beta 1 Selective Adrenergic Antagonists Lowers heart rate, contractility, cardiac workload Post MI Ophthalmic – reduces IOP (timolol)
66
What are adverse of metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL)?
*Beta 1 Selective Adrenergic Antagonists -CNS --> fatigue, dizziness -CV -->bradycardia, hypotension -GI --> N/V/D Induce CHF ---> SOB, edema, wt gain
67
What are contras of metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL)?
*Beta 1 Selective Adrenergic Antagonists Bradycardia, heart block, hypotension, could be worse cause sns is blocked
68
What are cautions of metoprolol (Lopressor, Toprol XL)?
*Beta 1 Selective Adrenergic Antagonists Diabetes, thyroid dz, pregnancy, renal/hepatic
69
Nursing Considerations: What do assess with adrenergic antagonists?
-VS, Neuro status -Physical assessment -Past medical history -Asthma, COPD, diabetes, CV -Labs -Renal, liver, blood glucose -Current medication list
70
Nursing Considerations: What are nursing diagnosis with adrenergic antagonists?
Ineffective airway clearance r/t bronchodilation effects Risk for falls r/t CV effects Acute pain r/t CNS & GI effects
71
Nursing Considerations: What are Implementations with adrenergic antagonists?
Monitor blood glucose Monitor VS, ECG closely Monitor for s/s of worsening HF Implement safety precautions (fall risk!) Do not stop abruptly  taper over 2 weeks Provide adequate hydration
72
Nursing Considerations: What are Implementations with adrenergic antagonists?
Monitor pt response to medication  improvement in condition being treated

Pharmacology (39 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions