General and local anesthetics chapter 27 Flashcards

1
Q

What is Anesthetics?

A

Drugs used to cause partial or complete loss of sensation

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2
Q

What is General anesthetics?

A

CNS depressant  loss of sensation and LOC

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3
Q

What is local anesethtics?

A

Loss of sensation in specific area without systemic effect

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4
Q

Describe the combinations that makes general anesthesia work

A

-Analgesia( Loss of pain sensation)
Unconsciousness
-Amnesia-inability to recall
-Blocking of physical reflexes that may interfere with surgery-

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5
Q

Describe balance anesthesia work?

A

drugs combined to produce the best effect with minimal amount of medication
Pre-op meds  decrease secretions, prevent bradycardia
Sedative-hypnotics  relax pt, decrease SNS stimulation
Anti-emetic  as GI slows can cause N/V. No eating before surgery!
Antihistamine  dry secretions, decrease chance of allergic reaction
Opioids  analgesic and sedation

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6
Q

What is methohexital (Brevital) ?

A

General Anesthetic Agents:Barbituates

Causes CNS depression

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7
Q

What is therapeutic actions of methohexital (Brevital) ?

A

General Anesthetic Agents:Barbituates

Causes CNS depression

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8
Q

What is indications of methohexital (Brevital) ?

A

General Anesthetic Agents:Barbituates
Induce rapid anesthesia

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9
Q

What is pharmacokinetics of methohexital (Brevital) ?

A

General Anesthetic Agents:Barbituates

Rapid acting (10-30 secs); short recovery

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10
Q

What are adverse effects of methohexital (Brevital) ?

A

General Anesthetic Agents:Barbituates
r/t suppression of CNS
Post-op n/v

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11
Q

What are contras/cautions with methohexital (Brevital) ?

A

General Anesthetic Agents:Barbituates

Pregnancy, unless necessary

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12
Q

What are drug interactions with methohexital (Brevital) ?

A

General Anesthetic Agents:Barbituates

-Synergistic with other CNS suppressants

-Decrease effectiveness of many medications:
Anti-coags, beta-blockers, oral contraceptives

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13
Q

What is midazolam(versed)?

A

General anesthetic agents: Non-barbiturates

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14
Q

What is therapeutic actions of midazolam(versed)?

A

General anesthetic agents: Non-barbiturates

Acts in RAS and limbic system

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15
Q

What is indications of midazolam(versed)?

A

General anesthetic agents: Non-barbiturates

Potent amnesiac
Utilized for diagnostic procedures as well as surgery

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16
Q

What is pharmacokinetics of midazolam(versed)?

A

General anesthetic agents: Non-barbiturates

Rapid onset (1-5 minutes)

17
Q

What are adverse effects of. midazolam(versed)?

A

General anesthetic agents: Non-barbiturates
r/t CNS suppression
*resp suppression
N/V

18
Q

What are contras/cautions w midazolam(versed)?

A

General anesthetic agents: Non-barbiturates

have intubation equipment ready

19
Q

What are drug interactions with w/ midazolam(versed)?

A

General anesthetic agents: Non-barbiturates

Over sedation with concurrent meds

20
Q

What is nitrate oxide?

A

general anesthetic agent: Anesthetic gases

21
Q

What are therapeutic actions of Nitrate oxide

A

general anesthetic agent: Anesthetic gases
Inhaled  bronchi  capillaries  blood system  brain
CNS depression

22
Q

What are indications of nitrate oxide?

A

general anesthetic agent: Anesthetic gases

Induction and maintenance

23
Q

What are phramacokinetics of nitrate oxide?

A

general anesthetic agent: Anesthetic gases
nitrous oxide: weakest and least toxic of gases
Rapid onset (1-2 minutes)

24
Q

What are adverse affects of nitrate oxide?

A

general anesthetic agent: Anesthetic gases

Acute sinus, middle-ear pain, abd. They like to put pressure in the area. Gases can accumulate and make cause bowel compression

25
Q

What are contras/cautious of Nitrate oxide?

A

Pregnancy
Lactation
Blocks oxygen uptake  post op-hypoxia (administer O2, monitor s/s)

26
Q

What is desflurane (Suprane)?

A

General Anesthetic agents:Volatile liquids

27
Q

What is the therapeutic action of desflurane (Suprane)?

A

General Anesthetic agents:Volatile liquids

Liquids unstable at room temperature, release gas

28
Q

What is indications desflurane (Suprane)?

A

General Anesthetic agents:Volatile liquids

Induction and maintenance

29
Q

What is pharmacokinetics with desflurane (Suprane)?

A

General Anesthetic agents:Volatile liquids

Rapid acting (1-2 minutes) and recovery

30
Q

What are adverse affects of desflurane (Suprane)?

A

General Anesthetic agents:Volatile liquids

Respiratory reactions

31
Q

What are contras/cautions with desflurane (Suprane)?

A

General Anesthetic agents:Volatile liquids

h/o respiratory problems
Pregnancy/lactation

32
Q

What is lidocaine (Dilocaine, Lidoderm?

A

Local anesthetics

33
Q

What is therapeutuc actions of lidocaine (Dilocaine, Lidoderm)?

A

Local anesthetics
Temporarily interrupts conduction of nerve impulses

34
Q

What are indications of lidocaine (Dilocaine, Lidoderm)?

A

Local anesthetics
Peripheral nerve block, spinal anesthesia, local pain relief

35
Q

What are pharmacokinetics of lidocaine (Dilocaine, Lidoderm)?

A

Local anesthetics
Onset: 5-15 mins
Duration: 30-90mins

36
Q

What are adverse effects of lidocaine (Dilocaine, Lidoderm)?

A

Local anesthetics
r/t blocking of sensation

37
Q

What are contras/cautions of lidocaine (Dilocaine, Lidoderm)?

A

Local anesthetics

Allergy
Heart block
Monitor for systemic effects
CNS, Cardiac arrhythmias
Critical that effects be limited to specific area of the body

38
Q
A