General and local anesthetics chapter 27 Flashcards
What is Anesthetics?
Drugs used to cause partial or complete loss of sensation
What is General anesthetics?
CNS depressant loss of sensation and LOC
What is local anesethtics?
Loss of sensation in specific area without systemic effect
Describe the combinations that makes general anesthesia work
-Analgesia( Loss of pain sensation)
Unconsciousness
-Amnesia-inability to recall
-Blocking of physical reflexes that may interfere with surgery-
Describe balance anesthesia work?
drugs combined to produce the best effect with minimal amount of medication
Pre-op meds decrease secretions, prevent bradycardia
Sedative-hypnotics relax pt, decrease SNS stimulation
Anti-emetic as GI slows can cause N/V. No eating before surgery!
Antihistamine dry secretions, decrease chance of allergic reaction
Opioids analgesic and sedation
What is methohexital (Brevital) ?
General Anesthetic Agents:Barbituates
Causes CNS depression
What is therapeutic actions of methohexital (Brevital) ?
General Anesthetic Agents:Barbituates
Causes CNS depression
What is indications of methohexital (Brevital) ?
General Anesthetic Agents:Barbituates
Induce rapid anesthesia
What is pharmacokinetics of methohexital (Brevital) ?
General Anesthetic Agents:Barbituates
Rapid acting (10-30 secs); short recovery
What are adverse effects of methohexital (Brevital) ?
General Anesthetic Agents:Barbituates
r/t suppression of CNS
Post-op n/v
What are contras/cautions with methohexital (Brevital) ?
General Anesthetic Agents:Barbituates
Pregnancy, unless necessary
What are drug interactions with methohexital (Brevital) ?
General Anesthetic Agents:Barbituates
-Synergistic with other CNS suppressants
-Decrease effectiveness of many medications:
Anti-coags, beta-blockers, oral contraceptives
What is midazolam(versed)?
General anesthetic agents: Non-barbiturates
What is therapeutic actions of midazolam(versed)?
General anesthetic agents: Non-barbiturates
Acts in RAS and limbic system
What is indications of midazolam(versed)?
General anesthetic agents: Non-barbiturates
Potent amnesiac
Utilized for diagnostic procedures as well as surgery
What is pharmacokinetics of midazolam(versed)?
General anesthetic agents: Non-barbiturates
Rapid onset (1-5 minutes)
What are adverse effects of. midazolam(versed)?
General anesthetic agents: Non-barbiturates
r/t CNS suppression
*resp suppression
N/V
What are contras/cautions w midazolam(versed)?
General anesthetic agents: Non-barbiturates
have intubation equipment ready
What are drug interactions with w/ midazolam(versed)?
General anesthetic agents: Non-barbiturates
Over sedation with concurrent meds
What is nitrate oxide?
general anesthetic agent: Anesthetic gases
What are therapeutic actions of Nitrate oxide
general anesthetic agent: Anesthetic gases
Inhaled bronchi capillaries blood system brain
CNS depression
What are indications of nitrate oxide?
general anesthetic agent: Anesthetic gases
Induction and maintenance
What are phramacokinetics of nitrate oxide?
general anesthetic agent: Anesthetic gases
nitrous oxide: weakest and least toxic of gases
Rapid onset (1-2 minutes)
What are adverse affects of nitrate oxide?
general anesthetic agent: Anesthetic gases
Acute sinus, middle-ear pain, abd. They like to put pressure in the area. Gases can accumulate and make cause bowel compression
What are contras/cautious of Nitrate oxide?
Pregnancy
Lactation
Blocks oxygen uptake post op-hypoxia (administer O2, monitor s/s)
What is desflurane (Suprane)?
General Anesthetic agents:Volatile liquids
What is the therapeutic action of desflurane (Suprane)?
General Anesthetic agents:Volatile liquids
Liquids unstable at room temperature, release gas
What is indications desflurane (Suprane)?
General Anesthetic agents:Volatile liquids
Induction and maintenance
What is pharmacokinetics with desflurane (Suprane)?
General Anesthetic agents:Volatile liquids
Rapid acting (1-2 minutes) and recovery
What are adverse affects of desflurane (Suprane)?
General Anesthetic agents:Volatile liquids
Respiratory reactions
What are contras/cautions with desflurane (Suprane)?
General Anesthetic agents:Volatile liquids
h/o respiratory problems
Pregnancy/lactation
What is lidocaine (Dilocaine, Lidoderm?
Local anesthetics
What is therapeutuc actions of lidocaine (Dilocaine, Lidoderm)?
Local anesthetics
Temporarily interrupts conduction of nerve impulses
What are indications of lidocaine (Dilocaine, Lidoderm)?
Local anesthetics
Peripheral nerve block, spinal anesthesia, local pain relief
What are pharmacokinetics of lidocaine (Dilocaine, Lidoderm)?
Local anesthetics
Onset: 5-15 mins
Duration: 30-90mins
What are adverse effects of lidocaine (Dilocaine, Lidoderm)?
Local anesthetics
r/t blocking of sensation
What are contras/cautions of lidocaine (Dilocaine, Lidoderm)?
Local anesthetics
Allergy
Heart block
Monitor for systemic effects
CNS, Cardiac arrhythmias
Critical that effects be limited to specific area of the body
