Vaccines

Question 1

What is the difference of active and passive immunization

Answer 1

• active: immunity due to vaccine or disease

- passive: natural maternal ab, or immunoglobulina

Question 2

Name toxoid vaccines

Answer 2

Tetanus and diphtheria

Question 3

What is the ultimate and immidiate goal of vaccines?

Answer 3

• immidiate: prevent disease

- ultimate: eradicate disease

Question 4

Hold DTaP for

Answer 4

• patients with a history of severe allergic reactions to vaccine
• encephalopathy of unknown origin presenting within 7 days of last DTaP

Question 5

Hold pertussis vaccine if

Answer 5

• infant less than 1 w/ hx of uncontrolled seizure disorder

- child whose seizures have not been worked-up to rule-out

Question 6

Hold live viruses vaccines:

Answer 6

(1) anaphylactic reaction to components
(2) immuno deficiencies
(3) leukemic patients unless in remission and off chemotherapy for 3 or more months.
(4) patients undergoing chemotherapy within 2 weeks of vaccine administration.
(5) high dose steroids.
(6) pregnant.

Question 7

Hold BCG vaccine if

Answer 7

1) Altered immune status)
2) Use of high dose steroids
3) Burns or extensive skin disease
4) Positive tuberculin skin test
5) With measles or mumps vaccines
6) Pregnancy

Question 8

OPV Contraindications:

Answer 8

‏Patients with altered immunity and house hold contacts

‏r suspected primary immunodeficiency disorders

‏• Anaphylactic reactions

Question 9

BCG Vaccine side effects

Answer 9

ulceration lymphadenopathy Lupus vulgaris

Question 10

Complications of tb

Answer 10

Meningitis- miliary- dissaaminated - death

Question 11

Tb transmission

Answer 11

Droplet airborne

Question 12

What is the type for bcg vaccine

Answer 12

Live attenuated vaccine (Mycobacterium Bovis)

Question 13

What is the route for BCG vaccine

Answer 13

Intradermal

Question 14

How is diphtheria transmitted

Answer 14

respiratory droplets

Question 15

How does diphtheria cause disease

Answer 15

Exotoxin

Question 16

What is the presentation of diphtheria

Answer 16

• coalescing pseudo membrane

- cervical adenopathy

Question 17

What is the most common cause of death in diphtheria

Answer 17

Airway obstruction and aspiration of mucus membrane

Question 18

What is the most common cause pf tetenus infection

Answer 18

Acute injury; Stepping on nail

Question 19

How does severe telenus present?

Answer 19

Opisthtones ( flexion of arm _ extension of legs ) + apnea + Abdo muscle wall rigidity

Question 20

How does late telenus present?

Answer 20

Hypertension + tachycardia then hypotension + bradycardia → cardiac arrest

Question 21

What is the most presenting symptom in telenus?

Answer 21

Truisms + lock jaw.

Question 22

What is neonatal tetanus?

Answer 22

3-10 days after delivery patient is irritable + poor feeding +spasm+opsithtones

Question 23

What are the causes of neonatal tetanus

Answer 23

1-unvaccinated mother
2 - home delivery/unhygenic cutting of umbilical cord
3- infectious substance over stump
4- neonatal tetanus in previous child

Question 24

What is the prognosis of neonatal tetanus

Answer 24

Poor → sympathetic overactivity→ 90% death/ 10% developmental delay

Question 25

Vaccine is not contraindicated when:.

Answer 25

• mild illness
• mild/ mod reaction after previous dose
• premature
• antimicrobial therapy
• recent exposure to infections agent
• penicillin
• lack of previous exam in well baby _
• convalecent phase

Question 26

What vaccine should be avoided in premature birth

Answer 26

Hepatitis B

Question 27

Live vs killed are they stored in hear or cold?

Answer 27

Killed → cold , live → hot

Question 28

What is the temp for vericella and influenza

Answer 28

-15