Growth disorder

Question 1

What is the failure to thrive?

Answer 1

Inability to gain weight up to the age of 3 years

Question 2

What is the head circumfrance for a full-term baby, and how it will change in 1 year, 2 years

Answer 2

35cm 
1 year: 12 cm
2 year: 2.5
3 year: 0.5 
At the end: 1.5cm

Question 3

What is the optimum weight of a full-term baby?

in 5 months & 1 year what will be the weight? And

Answer 3

3.5 kg
in 5 months: 7kg. “Doubles”
in 12 months: 11.25 “triples”

Question 4

What does skin fold thickness measure?

Answer 4

Subcutanous fat indicating the neutritional state of the child

Question 5

When to measure the lenght instead height?

Answer 5

When child is unable to stand

Question 6

How to measure the length of the baby?

Answer 6

By infantometer

Question 7

When is the fastest phase of growth

Answer 7

The 2nd trimester in fetal phase “30cm\year”

Question 8

What are the factors that affect the fetal phase growth?

Answer 8

1- maternal neutrition
2- size of uterine
3- insulin
4- IGFs

Question 9

Baby of diabetic mother is found to be: “size”

Answer 9

Macrosomic “large” due to insulin and insulin like growth factors

Question 10

What is the midpoint of growth in the first intrauterine life, and before delivery

Answer 10

• initially: the head

- later-on: the umbilicus

Question 11

What is the optimum length of a full-term baby?

What will it be in 1 year, 2, 3, 4 and 13 years.

Answer 11

50cm

• 1: +25
• 2: + 12
• 3: +8
• 4: 2x birth length
• 13: 3x birth length

Question 12

When does the period of linear growth affected by the growth hormone?

Answer 12

> 3 years.

Question 13

After 3 years of age, what affects linear growth the most?

Answer 13

Growth hormone, thyroid, genetics.

Question 14

Females and males growth at the same rate of 4-7cm from …… years to …….. years:

Answer 14

From >3 years to puberty.

Question 15

From newborn > 3 years > 10 years. How does the mid-point changes?

Answer 15

• birth: 1.7 “upper segment > lower”
• 3 years: 1.3
• 10 years: 1.0

Question 16

If a 10 year old child has segment ratio of 1.3, it means that abnormality is at the:

Answer 16

Lower segment

Question 17

Name a disease associated with lower and upper segment abnormality:

Answer 17

• genu vulgus, and genu varus

- fractures of verteberal column and malignancies, kyphosis and scoliosis.

Question 18

Growth spurt during the pubertal phase is associated with increase of:

Answer 18

1- thyroid horome
2- growth hormone
3- sex steroid

Question 19

Differentiate between males and females in:
1- the peak of length:
2- the time of growth spurt:
3- difference in final height

Answer 19

1- peak of length is higher in males by “3 cm”
2- duration is earlier in females by “2 years”
3- 13 cm.

Question 20

When are females and males starting to get their growth spurt

Answer 20

• female: breast 3

- male: testicular 4

Question 21

What is the gene that affect growth?

Answer 21

SHOX

Question 22

Turner syndrome are short because they lack

Answer 22

X-chromosome

Shox gene

Question 23

What is leri-weill syndrome

Answer 23

Male disease associated with missing of shox gene “They only have one copy”

Question 24

What helps growth hormone to increase

Answer 24

• Sleep through the night
• physical activity

“Sweet food decline growth hromone”

Question 25

Growth hormone metabolic affect

Answer 25

Anabolic, lipolysis

Question 26

What is the growth plate

Answer 26

Chondrocyte will grow and calcify from the epiphysis to the meta, and diaphysis

“Chondoplasia > osteogeneis > resorption”

Question 27

Accurate measurement of the height is: the

Answer 27

1- Occipit, shoulder, buttox, heels to the wall.
2- plot on the +-2 SD which is normal.
3- MPH measurment
4- height age
5- growth velocity (measure the difference)

Question 28

How to differntiate between familial and constitutional delay

Answer 28

• constitutional: bone age is less than normal
• familial: bone age is same

Both: growth is parallel to the line

Question 29

Endocrine disease are always:

Hypothyroid, Cushing, growth

Answer 29

Short and fat

Question 30

How to identify endocrinopathies on chart

Answer 30

Their weight to height ratio.

Question 31

Rapid weight gain, and instant decline in height is associated with which endocrinopathy

Answer 31

Cushing

Question 32

Chronic disease are always:

Answer 32

Thin and short