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Pediatrics > Conginital Heart Disease > Flashcards

Conginital Heart Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most common conginital heart disease

A

VSD

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2
Q

What are the risk factors for conginital heart disease

A
  • Maternal conditions (DM, CTD, smoking, alcohol)
  • radiation And medication
  • chromosomal abnormqlities
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3
Q

Name the acyanotic conginital heart diseases

A
  • LR Shunt (VSD, PDA, ASD, ECD)

- obstructive (AS, PS, COA, Ihss)

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4
Q

Name cyanotic heart diseases

A
  • decrease blood flow: TOF, TA, PA, ebstein

- increased blood flow:D-TGA, TAPVD, S.v, TR.ar

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5
Q

Which one is more common

Acyanotic or cyanotic

A

Acyanotic

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6
Q

Pathophysiology of Left to Right shunt:

A
  • Increase blood flow to pulmonary veins
  • Increase pressure of the left side
  • Tachypnea and tachycardia will increase heart size and caloric requirment and child will have developmental delay
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7
Q

When does signs appear after delivery for left to right shunt

A

4-6 weeks

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8
Q

What are the signs of left to right shunt?

A
  • increased sweating (due to catacheloamines)
  • shortness of breath (due to congestion of lungs)
  • easy fatigue & prolonged interrupted feeding (increased caloric requirement)
  • repeated chest infection
  • failure to thrive
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9
Q

Where is the defect in the VSD?

A

Usually peri membranous

And can also be in the muscular side

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10
Q

What will you see during the examination of VSD?

A
  • pansystolic murmur at the left lower sternum

- thrill (once the defect gets smaller)

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11
Q

How to diagnose VSD?

A

By echo

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12
Q

When and How to manage VSD?

A

Symptoms are not controlled

  • surgery: ultimate tx.
  • medical: for associated conditions “CHF, infection, nutrition, SBE Prophylaxis”
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13
Q

When is VSD usually close?

A

At 2 years of age

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14
Q

What is eisenmenger disease?

A

It’s the hardning of the pulmonary vasculature as a complication of VSD.

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15
Q

Where is ASD more common?

“Males or females”?

A

Females

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16
Q

Which area is more common to have the defect in ASD?

A

Septum secondum

17
Q

Which disease is less likely to have symptoms of cyanotic heart diseases

A

ASD

18
Q

What are the findings during examination of ASD?

A

Fixed splitting of second heart sound

19
Q

What are the findings in ECG for ASD

A

RBBB or RAD

20
Q

How to treat ASD?

A

Usually interventional. If the septum is way too large, we can wait for 4-6years and do surgery

21
Q

When does ductus arterious close?

A

From 24hours to 2weeks

22
Q

What is the murmur that is typically seen in PDA?

A

Continues machinery murmur at the base of the heart

23
Q

Type of pulse in PDA

A

Bounding pulse with wide pulse

24
Q

How to treat PDA?

A

Inteverntional coil like procedure

25
Q

Atrioventricular canal is:

A

ASD in septum primum+ VSD + AV valave common

26
Q

What is the most common congenital heart diseases in trisomies

A

Arterioventicular canal defect

Cushin defect

27
Q

What is very special in endocardial cushin defect?

A

Left axis deviation in ecg

28
Q

When to treat down syndrome patients with endocardial cushin defect

A

In the 4th or 6th month, because their pulmonary arteries tend to stenose earlier that any other

“Treat by surgery”

29
Q

Where is the site of coarctaion of aorta?

A

At the isthmus “after the subclavian”

30
Q

In which group of patients do we commonly see coarctation of aorta?

A

Turner syndrome

31
Q

What is the key sign to observe that may indicate coarctation of aorta?

A
  • Low BP + low/absent pulses in lower limb.

- HTN of upper limb

32
Q

How to diagnose COA?

A

CT Angio + echo

33
Q

How to treat COA?

A

Catheter with balloon “balloon vulvoplasty”

34
Q

What are the causes of neonatal cyanosis

A
  • Respiratory (aspiration of meconium, premature causing RDS, pneumothorax during induction)
  • cardiac
  • CNS (heavy sedation for mother, neuromuscular)
  • methemoglobinemia
35
Q

What is the work up for cyanotic neonates

A

1- history, ABG, CXR, pulse oximeter
2- hyperoxia
3- definite: echo

36
Q

Mixing of venous and arterial blood will definitly cause

A

Cyanosis

37
Q

What are the consequences of cynosis

A
  • polycythemia (small due to iron) leading to CNS Complications
  • clubbing
  • thrombocytopenia and clotting leading bleeding disorder
  • spells and squatting
  • depressed intelligence
  • scoliosis
  • hyperurecemia and gout

Pediatrics (41 decks)

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