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Pediatrics > Exanthamatous Disease > Flashcards

Exanthamatous Disease Flashcards

1
Q

What should be examined in cutanous disordersr

A

Skin, hair, nails, mucus membranes

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2
Q

Name examples of maculopapular rash

A 
1- Measles 
2- Rubella 
3- Scarlet fever
4- SSS 
5- CMV
6- Erythema infectiousum 
7- Roseola infantum 
8- Kawasaki
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3
Q

Name examples of Papulovesicular rash

A

1- vericella zooster
2- enterovirus and coxakie
3- imptigo

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4
Q

How does child with herpes simplex usually present?

A

With painful perioral vesicles

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5
Q

What is the incubation period of measles?

A

9-11 days

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6
Q

How does measles develop clinically (course)

A

1- 3 to 4 days of fever, conjunctivitis, and coryza > kpolik spot >

2- rash appears on the third day\ recovers in 5th\6th day

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7
Q

How does measles rash progress clinically

A

Face and neck > trunk > extremities

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8
Q

How does the distribution of measles rash look like

A
  • Face\trunk: confluent

- extremities: discrete

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9
Q

What is the pathognomic sign of measles?

A

Koplik spot

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10
Q

What are the complications of measles

A
  • bronchopneumonia

- suppurative otitis media

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11
Q

What is the management of measles?

A
  • immunocompetent: Vitamin A

- immunocompromised: Ribavirin - Immunoglobulin

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12
Q

How to prevent measles

A
  • live attenuated measles vaccine

- MMR

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13
Q

Differentiate between rubella and measles incubation period:

A

Measles: <2wks (9-11d)
Rubella: >2wks (13-21d)

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14
Q

How is rubella usually transmitted?

A

As an airborne infection

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15
Q

Differentiate between the (fever & rash) in rubella vs measles:

[5 differences]

A
  • rubella: [no prodermal - same distribution - faster rate - pink - discrete]
  • measles: [prodermal - same distribution - slow “3days” - brown - confluent + discrete]
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16
Q

Differentiate desquamation in measles and rubella

A

Rubella does not desquamate, measles only in the extremeties

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17
Q

Name symptoms that may present in rubella:

A

Along with the rash we may have

  • lymphadenopathy
  • malaise
  • coryza
  • conjunctivitis
  • small joint pain
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18
Q

What are the complications of rubella?

A

Thrombocytopenia - encephalitis

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19
Q

What is the management of rubella

A

Supportive + NSAIDs for joint pain

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20
Q

What is the organism responsible for scarlet fever?

A

Group A hemolytic strep

21
Q

What is the incubation period for scarlet fever?

A

2-5 days

22
Q

How do patients with scarlet fever usually present?

A

With fever and sore throat occuring in the same day

23
Q

Differentiate between rubella duration of rash and scarlet fever duration of rash?

A
  • rubella: 3 days only

- scarlet: 5 days

24
Q

How is the distribution of rash in scarlet fever?

A

Face & neck > trunk & extremities

[spars soles and palms]

25
Q

Oral examination of scarlet fever will show:

A
  • red papilla
  • white coat on tongue
  • circumoral pallor
26
Q

What is the characterstic feature of rash in scarlet fever?

A

It’s sandy

It’s desquamating in 4 weeks

27
Q

Strawberry tongue can be found in which diseases?

A
  • kawasaki

- scarlet fever

28
Q

Culture from nasopharynx of scarlet fever will show

A

Antistreptolysin O titer

29
Q

How to treat scarlet fever

A

Antibiotics (penicillin - ampicillin)

30
Q

Staphylococcal infections are

A
  • scalded skin syndrome

- toxic shock syndrome

31
Q

Differentiate between. ‘’Sss and toxic shockd syndrome rash”

A
  • sss: bullae appear in 1-2d, epidermis seperate into large sheets and show moist. Red shiny surface beneath
  • toxic shock syndrome: scalatinoform in trunk and extremities + edema + desquamation
32
Q

How to treat SSS?

A

Penicillin - if resistant give clindamycin, coxacillin, 1st gen cephalosporin-

33
Q

What is the sign seen in SSS?

A

Nikolsky sign

May present with impetigo or puruelent conjunctivitis

34
Q

What is the organism that causes erythema infectiousum?

A

Parvovirus B19

35
Q

Which group of population are we more concerned about with erythema infectiousum

A
  • pregnancy (hydrofetalis + hemolytic disease)

- sickle cell disease (aplastic crisis)

36
Q

What is the disterbution of rash in erythema infectiousum?

A
  • Cheeks (slapped cheeks appearance)

- maculopapular rash over upper and lower extremeties

37
Q

What does erythema infectiousum cause to the general population?

A

Polyarthropathy

38
Q

Whats the organism that causes roseola infantum?

A

human herpes virus 6 (HHV-6)

39
Q

What is the course of rash and fever in roseola infantum?

A

The fever will occur first, then subsides then rash occurs

“Opposite of measles”

40
Q

The appearance of roseola infantum resembles which dermatological condition?

A

Rubella and measles

41
Q

What are the special characterstics of varicella?

A

1- rapid from macule > papule > vesicle> crust
2- central disterbution
3- all stages can occur in any antomical site.
4- present in scalp + mucus membrane
5- crusting of all lesion

42
Q

Is there a prodermal duration for vericella?

A

No

43
Q

What is the most common complications of vericella

A

Vericella pneumonitis

44
Q

What is neonatal vericella

A
  • mother w\chicken pox, deliver a baby
  • associated w\multisystem disease
  • give the child immunoglobulins & keep him beside his mother to avoid infection
45
Q

What other complications might be associated with vericella?

A

Hepatitis, retinal\cerebral disease, thrombocytopenia, bacterial skin infection.

46
Q

When to treat vericella and how to treat it?

A

When patient is immunocompromised - with acyclovir.

General public: antihistamine to reduce itching

47
Q

Differentiate between the rash in eczema herpeticum and herpes zooster

A
  • herpeticum: profused vesicular\pustular rash on eczema site.
  • zoster: grouped vesicles confluent along the line of affected nerve
48
Q

What is the bacterial infection in impetigo?

A

Gram positive bacteria

“GABHS” + Staph aureus

49
Q

What age is impetigo more common in

A

Below 6 years

Pediatrics (41 decks)

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