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Pediatrics > Hypertension > Flashcards

Hypertension Flashcards

1
Q

What is the stage 1 BP and stage 2 BP in pediatric

A

1: >95th to <95th + 5mmhg OR 130\80
2: >95th + 5mmhg OR 139\89

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2
Q

Define pediatric HTN

A

More than 95%th for age, gender, and height on 3 seperate occasions (systolic + diastolic)

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3
Q

Define prehypertensive state in pediatric age group

A

90th to 95th

BUT if it’s found to be >120\80 it should be considered even if below the 90th percentile

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4
Q

What is the normal BP and elevated BP in pediatric

A

Normal: <90th percentile
Elevated: >90th to <95th OR 120\80

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5
Q

Early diagnosis of HTN in pediatric is associated with

A

Coronary artery disease in the future

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6
Q

Who should be measured for BP in the pediatric age group

A
  • Any one 3 years and older

- any one <3 years + risk factors

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7
Q

In child <3 years, what are the risk factors that yield importance to have BP measured?

A
  • very low birth weight
  • premature
  • NICU stay
  • conginital heart disease
  • UTI, hematuria, proteinurea, renal disease (known\family hx)
  • organ transplant
  • malignancy
  • drugs
  • systemic illness
  • increase ICP
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8
Q

How much is the width of the cuff from the arm circumfrance?

A

40%

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9
Q

How much is the length of the cuff from the arm circumfrance?

A

40%

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10
Q

Where to measure the arm the circumfrance

A

Mid-portion of the arm

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11
Q

How to measure BP?

A
  • no stimulants for 24 hours
  • quiet environment for 5 minutes
  • back and feet supported
  • right arm placed at level of heart
  • empty bladder
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12
Q

When is ambulatory most beneficiall

A

To diagnose:

  • white coat HTN
  • drug induced hypotension
  • drug resistant hypertension
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13
Q

What is the risk of cvd in masked vs presistant HTN?

A

Same

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14
Q

What is the most common causes of htn in pediatrics?

A

Secondary (renal parynchymal) then renal vascular

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15
Q

Name secondary causes for htn in pediatric

A
  • coarctation of aorta
  • renovascular
  • renal parenchyma
  • endocrine (cushing, adrenal hyperplasia, hypercalcemia, hyperaldosteronism, pheochromocytoma)
  • renal tumors
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16
Q

What are the investigations to order in all patient with HTN?

A

Urinalysis - chemistry panel (urea, creatinine, nitrogen, electrolyte) - lipid profile - renal US

17
Q

What are the indications for renal ultrasound for patient with htn?

A
  • <6 years
  • Abnormal urinalysis
  • Abnormal renal function
18
Q

What test to preform in obese patients who you suspect HTN

A

AST, ALT, and Hgb1ac

19
Q

Name examples of target organ damage

A

Microalbumineuria - proteinurea - hypertensive retinopathy - LVH - increased carotid artery intima media thhickness - decreased vascular compliance

20
Q

What is the most common target organ damage in htn

A

LVH, must do echocardiogram and repeat 6-12 months

21
Q

What is the risk of obese children to have elevated SBP and DBP?

A

.

22
Q

Name syndrome associated with hypertension

A
  • turner (coarctation of aorta)

- williams

23
Q

What findings do you expect to see in physical examinations in pediatric with hypertension

A

.

24
Q

What are the dermatological changes you expect to see in pediatric hypertension?

A

.

25
Q

What are the symptoms of hypertension in pediatric

A

.

26
Q

What are clues in history for primary

HTN

A

.

27
Q

What are clues in history for secondary

HTN

A

.

28
Q

medications that might increase BP in pediatric age group:

A

.

29
Q

What are the lab workups you’d like to order if you suspect stage 1 HTN?

A

.

30
Q

What are the imaging to order in pediatric HTN?

A

.

31
Q

What imaging to order if you suspect pyelonephritis?

A

.

32
Q

What is the first step in treating HTN?

A

.

33
Q

What is the long term outcome of HTN?

A

.

34
Q

What is DASH?

A

.

35
Q

How much does DASH diet decrease DBP and SBP?

A

.

36
Q

What is the role of srceen time in hTN?

A

.

37
Q

What is the salt restriction grams in pediatric?

A

.

Pediatrics (41 decks)

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