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Pediatrics > Convulsion Disorder > Flashcards

Convulsion Disorder Flashcards

1
Q

What is the most comon cause of seizures in 6m to 6y

A

Febrile seizures

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2
Q

What is febrile seizures

A

Fever + seizures

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3
Q

What is the rate of recurrence of febrile sieuzres

A

30-50%

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4
Q

What are the types of febrile seizures

A

Simple - complex

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5
Q

What are the characterstics of simple febrile seizures

A
  • generalized
  • <15
  • once in 24h
  • temp >38.5
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6
Q

What to do if diagnosed with simple febrile seizures

A

Just reassurance

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7
Q

What are the characterstics of complex febrile seizures

A
  • focal
  • > 15min
  • > 1 in 24
  • temp <38.5

“One is enought”

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8
Q

Why is complex febrile seizures worrisome?

A

Simple is two hemispheres. So no worry

  • infection & tumor is more associated with 1 hemisphere.
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9
Q

Childhood epilipsy syndromes

A

Benign (Self-limited) childhood epilipisy with centrotemporal spikes - juvenile - abscence

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10
Q

What is the onest of benign centrotemporal?

A

4-10

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11
Q

When does benign centrotemporal occur usually

A

At night

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12
Q

benign centrotemporal is focal vs generalized?

A

Focal

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13
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of benign centrotemporal

A

Sweating, speach impairment, motor and sensory of face and arm.

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14
Q

What are EEG findings in benign centrotemporal?

A

bilateral centerotemporal sharps

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15
Q

How to treat benign centrotemporal?

A

Tegretol - valpoarate

“Good response”

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16
Q

Do we always treat benign centrotemporal?

A

No if the seizures subside and little

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17
Q

What are the comobridiries associated with benign centrotemporal?

A

ADHD - learning difficulties

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18
Q

What is the age for abscence and benign centrotemporal

A

4-10 years

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19
Q

What is the clinical presentation of abscence seizures?

A

Sudden onset\offset of stairing more than 100 times per day

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20
Q

How long is abscence seizure last

A

<15 sec.

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21
Q

Can absence seizzure have motor symptoms

A

yes

Eye fluttering and automatism

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22
Q

What provokes abscence seizures usually?

A

Hyperventilation

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23
Q

What is the EEG finding of CAE?

A

3 hz generalized spike and wave.

24
Q

What is the prognosis of CAE?

A

Good and resolve. But > some might go to juvenile myoclonic epilipsy

25
Q

Why is absence seizure require treatment even though it’s benign?

A

To avoid learning disabilities

26
Q

How to treat abscence epilipsy?

A
  • present with GIS: valporic acid

- first line: ethusuxamide

27
Q

Differentiate between aura and absecne seizures

A
  • abscence: less than 15 sec, specific EEG, neurological examination and neuroimaging is normal, treated by ethusuxamide
  • aura: there’s pre and post ictal, less frequent, lasting more than 15 sec, treated by carbamezapine
28
Q

What is the onset age for juvenile abscence?

A

9-12 years

29
Q

What are the EEG findings of juvenile abscence

A

3.5-4hz spike or polyspike

30
Q

Atypical abscence seizure is different from typical in that

A
  • Slow Onset - Slow Offset
  • it has more motor symptoms
  • EEG: 2 spike
31
Q

Juvenile myoclonic epilispy characterstic presentation

A

Drop items in the morning

32
Q

What other type of seizure is myoclonic juvenile jerks associated with

A

GTC

33
Q

What is the EEG finding of juvenile myoclonic epilipsy?

A

4-6 Hz spike and polyspike and wave

34
Q

What is the trigger for juvenile myoclonic sieuzre

A

Photosenstivie

35
Q

How to treat juvenile myoclonic?

A

Valporic

36
Q

What is infantile spasm?

A

Flexsion or extension spasms but is more frequent and happens in cluster

37
Q

When does infantile spasm usually occur?

A

Before sleep or after wake

38
Q

What parts of the body affected by infantile spasms?

A

Neck, trunk and arm

39
Q

Name a common etiology of infantile spasms?

A

Tuberus sclerosis

40
Q

How to treat infantile spasms

A

Steroids - vigabatrin (symptomatic type & tubereus sclerosis)

41
Q

What is west syndrome

A
  • development regression
  • infantile spasm
  • EEG hypsarythmia “EEG ملخبط”
42
Q

What is the Dravet syndrome?

A

Severe infantile epilipsy with myoclonic types

43
Q

What trigger dravet syndrome

A

Fever, infection, vaccine, warm bath

44
Q

When do dravet syndrome usually occur?

A

In the first year of life

45
Q

How to treat dravet syndrome

A

Valporic and clopazam

refractabotry to medications

46
Q

What is the EEG finding of lennox gastaut syndrome

A

1.5-2.5 spike

47
Q

When does breat holding spells ceases

A

4 yeaes

48
Q

How to treat breath-holding spells

A

Reassurance and parenting

49
Q

How is the pattern holding spells

A

Crying > stop breathing > apnea and become cyanosed > fall (limb) for few seconds > wake up and cry again

50
Q

How to recognize breath holding spells

A
  • It never occurs spontanously
  • always provoked by taking his stuff
  • injury, can never occur from sleep
  • only for few seconds
51
Q

If the patient with breath holding spells has some myoclonus what does this indicate?

A

It’s accepted due to the hypoxia

52
Q

What are the causes of psychogenic seizures

A
  • patient with already seizures

- or someone in the family has seizures

53
Q

Clues to the psychogenic

A
  • close eyes
  • fast
  • preserved sphincter
  • don’t bite their tongue
  • could be initiated and terminated
  • normal eeg
54
Q

How to treat status epilipticus?

A

1- benzodiapine

After 2 doses with 5 minutes apart
2- phenytoin, valporic, continues infusion, and then anasthesia

55
Q

What is the basic workup for all seizure

A
  • CBC
  • electrolye
  • RFT and LFT
  • bone panel
  • LP for CNS infection
  • metabolic panel for neonates

Pediatrics (41 decks)

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