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Ther 201 3rd Exam > Vaccines > Flashcards

Vaccines Flashcards

0
Q

Stimulation with antigen to develop immunologic defenses against a future exposure

A

Active immunization

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1
Q

Induction of provision of immunity by any mean, active or passive

A

Immunization

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2
Q

Administration of preformed antibodies

A

Passive immunization

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3
Q

Occurs during infection

A

Natural active

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4
Q

Injecting or taking antigens by mouth

A

Artificial active

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5
Q

Mother to child placenta or milk

A

Natural passive

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6
Q

Injection of antitoxins given

A

Artificial passive

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7
Q

Results in the rapid appearance of low IgG antibody titers

A

Extrafollicular response

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8
Q

IgG titers peak after how many weeks?

A

4 weeks

2 weeks-4 weeks

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9
Q

Reactivates immune memory and results in a rapid <7 days increase of IgG antibody titer

A

Booster

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10
Q

Prevent or reduce infections by extra and intracellular agents and clear extracellular pathogens

A

Antibodies

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11
Q

Reduce control and clear (not prevent) intracellular pathogens

A

CD8+ cells

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12
Q

Reduce control and clear (do not prevent) extra and intra cellular pathogens

A

CD4+ cells

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13
Q

Antibody mechanisms

A

Binding to enzymatic and active sites of toxins
Opsonization
Complement activation
Preventing viral binding and entry

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14
Q

Antigens in vaccines

A

Weakened pathogens
Killed pathogens
Protein parts of pathogens

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15
Q

When a critical portion of the community is immunized against a contagious disease most members of the community are protected against the disease because there is little opportunity for an outbreak.

A

Community herd immunity

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16
Q

Critical portion

A

At least 80% immunized

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17
Q

Immune globulins

A 
IVIg
Hep B immune globulin 
Rabies immune globulin 
Tetanus immune globulin 
CMV immune globulin 
Anti-D immune globulin (Rh)
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18
Q

Live attenuated vaccines

A

Viral mmr, varicella/zoster, yellow fever, rotavirus, intranasal influenza, vaccinia, oral polio

Bacterial BCG, oral typhoid

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19
Q

Weakened form of wild virus or bacteria, produces mild symptoms

A

Live attenuated

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20
Q

Cannot replicate, not as effective as live vaccines

A

Inactivated vaccines

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21
Q

Generally require 3-5 doses

A

Inactivated vaccines

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22
Q

Inactivated vaccine immune response

A

Mainly humoral

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23
Q

Boosters needed, titer may diminish with time

A

Inactivated

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24
Q

More durable immune response, which type of vaccine?

A

Live attenuated

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25
Q

Whole cell inactivated vaccines viral

A

Polio, hep a, rabies, influenza

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26
Q

Whole cell inactivated bacterial

A

Pertussis, typhoid, cholera, plague

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27
Q

Fractional inactivated

A

Subunit

Toxoid

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28
Q

Fragment of microbe, may be surface proteins or viral genes

A

Subunit

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29
Q

Examples of subunit vaccines

A 
Hep B
Influenza
Acellular pertussis
Hpv
Anthrax
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30
Q

Toxin rendered not harmful

A

Toxoid

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31
Q

Toxoid examples

A

Diptheria

Tetanus

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32
Q

Polysaccharide vaccines types

A

Pure polysaccharide

Conjugate polysaccharide

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33
Q

Not consistently immunogenic in children <2 years

A

Pure Polysaccharide vaccines

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34
Q

No booster response, antibody with less functional activity, immunogenicity improved by conjugation

A

Pure polysaccharide vaccines

35
Q

Examples pure polysaccharide

A

Pneumococcal

Meningococcal

36
Q

For children <2 years, linked to proteins

A

Conjugate polysaccharide

37
Q

Examples conjugate polysaccharide

A

H. influenzae type b
Pneumococcal
Meningococcal

38
Q

Bcg

A

Live attenuated

39
Q

Diptheria

40
Q

Tetanus

41
Q

Pertusis whole cell

42
Q

Pertussis acellular

43
Q

Polio Salk

44
Q

Polio Sabin

A

Live attenuated

45
Q

Rabies

46
Q

Hep A

47
Q

Hep B

48
Q

HPV

A

Fractional subunit, VLPs

49
Q

HiB

A

Polysaccharide

50
Q

HiB conjugate

A

Polysaccharide conjugate

51
Q

Pneumococcal

A

Polysaccharide

Conjugate

52
Q

Varicella

A

Live attenuated

53
Q

MMR

A

Live attenuated

54
Q

Typhoid

A

Live attenuated oral

Polysaccharide

55
Q

Influenza

A

Killed trivalent

Live attenuated intranasal

56
Q

Rotavirus

A

Live attenuated

57
Q

Meningococcal

A

Polysaccharide

Conjugate

58
Q

Yellow fever

A

Live attenuated

59
Q

WHO expanded program vaccines

A 
BCG
DPT
OPV/Sabin
HepB
Measles (not MMR)
60
Q

Principles of vaccination

A

Correct
Age
Interval
No. of doses

61
Q

Adverse reactions

A

Local pain swelling redness
Systemic fever malaise headache
Specific
Allergic

62
Q

Local adverse reaction common in

A

Inactivated vaccines, tetanus hpv

63
Q

Systemic effects in

A

Live vaccines, dpt

64
Q

Intussuception

A

Rotavirus vaccine

65
Q

Permanent contraindications to vaccination

A

Severe allergic reaction to prior dose

Encephalopathy within 7 days of pertussis vaccination not due to other causes

66
Q

Allergy to component, live and inactivated

A

Contraindicated

67
Q

Encephalopathy, inactivated

A

Contraindicated

68
Q

Pregnancy, live

A

Contraindicated

69
Q

Pregnancy, inactivated

A

Vaccinate if indicated

70
Q

Immunosuppresion, live

A

Contraindicated

71
Q

Immunosuppression, inactivated

A

Vaccinate if indicated

72
Q

Severe illness, live and inactivated

A

Precaution

73
Q

Recent blood product, live

A

Precaution, mmr and varicella only 2 containing

74
Q

Recent blood product, inactivated

A

Vaccinate if indicated

75
Q

Routine adult immunization

A 
Tetanus, diptheria, acellular pertussis
HepB
Varicella
MMR
Pneumococcal 
Influenza
76
Q

Additional vaccines for health care workers

A

Typhoid

Rabies

77
Q

DPT

A

Inactivated

Intramuscular

78
Q

HepB

A

Inactivated

IM

79
Q

Varicella

A

Live attenuated

SubQ

80
Q

MMR

A

Live attenuated

SubQ

81
Q

Pneumococcal

A

Inactivated

IM

82
Q

Influenza

A

Inactivated

IM

83
Q

Typhoid

A

IM capsular polysaccharide

84
Q

Rabies

Ther 201 3rd Exam (16 decks)

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