Antiparasitics 1 Flashcards
Amoebiasis
Diloxonide
Paramomycin
Metronidazole
Giardia
Metronidazole
Metronidazole moa
N group accepts e- from ferrodoxin of amoebic parasite
Reductive bioactivation produces cytotoxic products
React with protein and DNA
For severe amoebiasis, hepatic amoebic abscess, extraintestinal amoebiasis
Metronidazole
Can metronidazole penetrate the bbb?
Yes! Can be used to treat B fragilis brain abscess
First line drug for C difficle colitis
Metronidazole
Only aerobic bacteria that metronidazole can affect
Helicobacter pylori
Dry mouth with metallic taste, pancreatitis, ataxia, encephalopathy, seizures, dizziness, vertigo, disulfiram like reaction
Metronidazole
Metronidazole kind of drug
Nitromidazole
Diloxinide furoate can affect which stage of amoeba?
Before encystment
Entamoeba histolytica cyst, not active against trophozoites
Diloxonide
Malaria caused by 4 species of Plasmodium
Falciparum
Vivax
Ovale
Malariae
Most common plasmodium in the phil
Falciparum
2nd most common plasmodium in the phil
Vivax
Current P falciparum resistance profile in the phil
Artemether
Chloroquine
Fansidar
Most number of cases of malaria in the Philippines
Palawan
3 stages of Plasmodium cycle
Exo-erythrocytic
Erythrocytic
Sporogonic
Gut of mosquito
Sporogonic
Liver of human
Exo-erythrocytic
First line malaria treatment Philippines
Coartem
Only tissue schizontocide
Primaquine
Treatment regimen for uncomplicated vivax malaria
Day 0 and 1 CQ 150 mg, 10mg/kg/day, 4 tab/day
Day 2 CQ 150mg, 5mg/kg/day, 2 tab
Day 3 to 17 Primaquine, 15mg, 0.5mg/kg/d, 1 tab
Primaquine contraindicated in
Severe g6pd
Malaria prophylaxis drugs
Mefloquine
Doxycycline
Antibacterial 2nd line drugs for malaria
Tetracycline
Doxycycline
Clindamycin
Coartem
Artemether-lumefantrime
Very rapidly acting blood schizonticide against all malaria parasites, no effect on liver stage
Artemether
Artemether contraindicated for pregnant women?
NO!
Artemether metabolite
Dihydroartemisinin
Artemesia in the Philippines
Vulgaris
Endoperoxide containing natural antimalarials from sweet wormwood
Artemisinin
Lumefantrine, when taken with food
Improved absorption
Minor arrhythmia and long qt
Coartem
Quinine effect adverse
Cinchonism
Git distress, headache, vertigo, blurred vision, tinnitus
Quinine moa
Complexes with dsDNA preventing separation
Therapeutic dose may cause hypoglycemia by insulin release, especially in severe infections in pregnant patients
Quinine
Not usually used unless sure that it is vivax
Chloroquine
Prevents biocrystallization of parasite heme into hemozoin causing heme buildup and parasite lysis
Chloroquine
Alopecia, hair bleaching, hypotension, widened qrs, abnormal t waves
Chloroquine
Antifolate drugs, malaria
Pyrimethamine
Sulfadoxime
Fansidar
Fixed combination
Sulfadoxime and
Pyrimethamine
May cause folic acid deficiency
Pyrimethamine
Eradicates exoerythrocytic and gametocytic forms
Primaquine
With longer tissue stage, falciparum or vivax?
Vivax
How many days of primaquine?
Falciparum 1
Vivax 14