Vaccines

Question 1

when an antibody is given to protect against infection, it is ______ ______

Answer 1

passive immunization

Question 2

stimulation of the immune system to produce antigen-specific humoral and cell immunity is ______ ______

Answer 2

active immunity

Question 3

live viruses must be able to _______ in order to stimulate an immune response

Answer 3

replicate

Question 4

live vaccines may cause severe or fatal reactions as a result of uncontrolled replication of the virus - this only occurs in the _________

Answer 4

immunodeficient (leukemia, HIV)

Question 5

newborns have circulating maternal antibodies, so they cannot receive ______ ______

Answer 5

live vaccines

Question 6

sometimes patients don’t respond to the first dose of the vaccine, so a ___________ is recommended

Answer 6

second dose (MMR or varicella)

Question 7

inactivated, non-replicating vaccines may be either ______ or bacteria, or ____

Answer 7

whole viruses

fractions of either

Question 8

inactivated vaccines are produced by growing the bacterium or virus in ______ ______, then inactivating it with heat/chemicals. Much _______, can be given to immunocompromised, pregnant

Answer 8

culture media

safer

Question 9

inactivated virus alway require _____ _____. Acts to prime the immune system.

Answer 9

multiple doses

Question 10

antibody titers against inactivated antigens _______ with time. Some require periodic supplemental doses (boost)

Answer 10

diminish

Question 11

fractional vaccines are either __________ or _______ based

Answer 11

protein or polysaccharide

Question 12

young children do not consistently respond to ________ antigens

Answer 12

polysaccharide

Question 13

conjugate polysaccharide vaccines are when the ________ is chemically linked to a _____, making it more potent (T-cell independent to T cell dependent). Polysaccharide do not “____”, whereas protein do

Answer 13

polysaccharide

protein

Question 14

antibody induced with polysaccharide has ____ functional activity than that induced by _____ antigens. The predominant antibody produced in response to polysacc. is IgM, and little IgG is produced

Answer 14

less

protein

Question 15

inactivated vaccines are NOT affected by circulating antibody to the antigen. But, live vaccine _____ be affected, they must be able to replicate

Answer 15

may

Must wait 2 weeks before giving the antibody after a live vaccine

Question 16

all vaccines can be _________ at the same visit as all other vaccines

Answer 16

administered

Question 17

If not simultaneous, then all LIVE vaccines must be separated by _____ weeks

Answer 17

4

Question 18

In a live vaccines, the first dose provides _______. The 2nd dose ensure _____

Answer 18

protection

100%

Question 19

in an inactive vaccine, the first dose does not provide ________, it doesn’t happen until the ___ or ___ dose

Answer 19

protection

2 or 3

Question 20

Local reactions are the most common, least severe. Pain, ____, ____. Common with _______ vaccine

Answer 20

redness, swelling
inactivated
common in DTaP 4 or 5

Question 21

in systemic reactions, ____, malaise, headache occur. More common with _______ vaccines

Answer 21

fever

attenuated

Question 22

we vaccinate for diphtheria because it is easily ______ (person - person) and the mortality is ________

Answer 22

transmitted

high

Question 23

vaccinate for tetanus because it is ______ (soil, dust, manure). Causes lockjaw, difficulty ______, muscle rigidity, ______

Answer 23

fatal

swallowing, spasms

Question 24

we vaccinate for pertussis because it is highly ______, makes people vulnerable to a secondary infection (bacterial pneumonia)

Answer 24

contagious

Question 25

we vaccinate for polio to prevent _______ and _____

Answer 25

aseptic meningitis and paralysis

Question 26

H Influenza B is a ____________ vaccine immunize bc it causes invasive disease: _______ and ________

Answer 26

conjugate polysaccharide

meningitis and epiglottitis

Question 27

prior to vaccine _________ was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis

Answer 27

H influenza

Question 28

H Influenza b is a ______-____ conjugate vaccine so the immunity is improved

Answer 28

polysaccharide-protein

Question 29

vaccinate against measles because it causes _______ and ______

Answer 29

pneumonia and encephalitis

Question 30

vaccinate agains mumps because it can cause _______, which can cause infertility

Answer 30

orchitis

Question 31

vaccinate against rubella (maculopapular rash) because it can cause ______ (transplacental leads to fetal damage)

Answer 31

viremia

Question 32

we vaccinate against chickenpox because it’s an _______ issue (parent stays home to take care of child)

Answer 32

inconvenience (morbidity)

Question 33

we vaccinate against hep A because its fecal-oral, get very ill. Vaccinate _______ bc they are resorvoirs

Answer 33

kids

Question 34

if you have hepatitis B, you’ll have chronic ________/cirrhosis and you wouldn’t know

Answer 34

viremia

Question 35

Vaccinate against influenza because it can cause ______ _______

Answer 35

bacterial pneumonia

Question 36

vaccinate against pneumonococcal disease because children are adults are high risk. _____ and hosital acquired pneumonia

Answer 36

CAP

Question 37

meningococcal is a polysaccharide vaccine in the kids, but a _______ in adults

Answer 37

conjugate. Mortaility is 9-12%

Question 38

HPV is the most common STI in the US. We vaccinate because of ______ _____

Answer 38

cervical cancer

Question 39

we vaccinate against rotavirus because _____________

Answer 39

dehydration kills (and loss of electrolytes)