Vaccines Flashcards
when an antibody is given to protect against infection, it is ______ ______
passive immunization
stimulation of the immune system to produce antigen-specific humoral and cell immunity is ______ ______
active immunity
live viruses must be able to _______ in order to stimulate an immune response
replicate
live vaccines may cause severe or fatal reactions as a result of uncontrolled replication of the virus - this only occurs in the _________
immunodeficient (leukemia, HIV)
newborns have circulating maternal antibodies, so they cannot receive ______ ______
live vaccines
sometimes patients don’t respond to the first dose of the vaccine, so a ___________ is recommended
second dose (MMR or varicella)
inactivated, non-replicating vaccines may be either ______ or bacteria, or ____
whole viruses
fractions of either
inactivated vaccines are produced by growing the bacterium or virus in ______ ______, then inactivating it with heat/chemicals. Much _______, can be given to immunocompromised, pregnant
culture media
safer
inactivated virus alway require _____ _____. Acts to prime the immune system.
multiple doses
antibody titers against inactivated antigens _______ with time. Some require periodic supplemental doses (boost)
diminish
fractional vaccines are either __________ or _______ based
protein or polysaccharide
young children do not consistently respond to ________ antigens
polysaccharide
conjugate polysaccharide vaccines are when the ________ is chemically linked to a _____, making it more potent (T-cell independent to T cell dependent). Polysaccharide do not “____”, whereas protein do
polysaccharide
protein
antibody induced with polysaccharide has ____ functional activity than that induced by _____ antigens. The predominant antibody produced in response to polysacc. is IgM, and little IgG is produced
less
protein
inactivated vaccines are NOT affected by circulating antibody to the antigen. But, live vaccine _____ be affected, they must be able to replicate
may
Must wait 2 weeks before giving the antibody after a live vaccine
all vaccines can be _________ at the same visit as all other vaccines
administered
If not simultaneous, then all LIVE vaccines must be separated by _____ weeks
4
In a live vaccines, the first dose provides _______. The 2nd dose ensure _____
protection
100%
in an inactive vaccine, the first dose does not provide ________, it doesn’t happen until the ___ or ___ dose
protection
2 or 3
Local reactions are the most common, least severe. Pain, ____, ____. Common with _______ vaccine
redness, swelling
inactivated
common in DTaP 4 or 5
in systemic reactions, ____, malaise, headache occur. More common with _______ vaccines
fever
attenuated
we vaccinate for diphtheria because it is easily ______ (person - person) and the mortality is ________
transmitted
high
vaccinate for tetanus because it is ______ (soil, dust, manure). Causes lockjaw, difficulty ______, muscle rigidity, ______
fatal
swallowing, spasms
we vaccinate for pertussis because it is highly ______, makes people vulnerable to a secondary infection (bacterial pneumonia)
contagious
we vaccinate for polio to prevent _______ and _____
aseptic meningitis and paralysis
H Influenza B is a ____________ vaccine immunize bc it causes invasive disease: _______ and ________
conjugate polysaccharide
meningitis and epiglottitis
prior to vaccine _________ was the leading cause of bacterial meningitis
H influenza
H Influenza b is a ______-____ conjugate vaccine so the immunity is improved
polysaccharide-protein
vaccinate against measles because it causes _______ and ______
pneumonia and encephalitis
vaccinate agains mumps because it can cause _______, which can cause infertility
orchitis
vaccinate against rubella (maculopapular rash) because it can cause ______ (transplacental leads to fetal damage)
viremia
we vaccinate against chickenpox because it’s an _______ issue (parent stays home to take care of child)
inconvenience (morbidity)
we vaccinate against hep A because its fecal-oral, get very ill. Vaccinate _______ bc they are resorvoirs
kids
if you have hepatitis B, you’ll have chronic ________/cirrhosis and you wouldn’t know
viremia
Vaccinate against influenza because it can cause ______ _______
bacterial pneumonia
vaccinate against pneumonococcal disease because children are adults are high risk. _____ and hosital acquired pneumonia
CAP
meningococcal is a polysaccharide vaccine in the kids, but a _______ in adults
conjugate. Mortaility is 9-12%
HPV is the most common STI in the US. We vaccinate because of ______ _____
cervical cancer
we vaccinate against rotavirus because _____________
dehydration kills (and loss of electrolytes)
